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Pelvis > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of the perineum

A

Diamond shaped

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2
Q

What are the superior of inferior borders of the perineum

A

Superior:

  • Pelvic diaphragm
  • Superficial Fascia

Inferior:
-Skin

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3
Q

What traverses the perineum

A

Anal canal
Urethra
Vagina

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4
Q

What are the two sections that the perineum is divided into

A

Anterior - Urogenital triangle

Posterior - Anal triangle

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the perineum

A

Anterior
-pubic symphysis

Posterior

  • inferior sacrum
  • coccyx

Anterolateral
-ischiopubic rami

Lateral
-Ischial tuberosities

Posterolaterally
-sacrotuberous ligaments

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6
Q

What are the contents of the anal canal

A

Anal canal and anus
External and internal anal sphincters
Ischiorectal fossa

SAME IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE

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7
Q

What are the contents of the urogenital triangle

A

Female:

  • Membranous and distal urethra
  • vagina
  • vulva
  • erectile bodies of vulva

Male:

  • Membranous and spongy urethra
  • Proximal erectile bodies of the penis
  • attachment of the scrotum
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8
Q

What is the conposition of the Central Perineal Tendon

A

Fibrocatilageous

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9
Q

What is the other name for the central perineal tendon

A

perineal body

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10
Q

What are the relations of the central perineal tendon

A

Anterior to anal canal

Posterior to bulb of penis / vestibule (depending on male or female)

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11
Q

What attaches to the perineal body

A 
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscles
deep transverse perineal muscles
External anal sphincter
Fascicles of muscle from External Urethral Sphincter
Fascicles of muscle from Levator Ani
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12
Q

What type of connective tissue is the perineal membrane

A

Thin sheet of deep fascia

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13
Q

What is the extent of the Perineal Membrane

A

Runs between the two ischiopubic rami
Spans anterior pelvic outlet
Attached to perineal body at midpoint of posterior margin

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14
Q

What pierces the perineal membrane

A

Urethra

Ducts of bulbourethral glands

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15
Q

What are the layers of fascia in the urogenital triangle

A

Superficial Fascia

  • Superficial fatty layer (replaced by Dartos Fascia in males)
  • Deep membranous layer (Colle’s fascia)

Deep perineal Fascia (Galludet’s Fascia)

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16
Q

What are the attachments of the Deep Membranous Layer of Superficial Fascia (Colle’s Fascia)

A

Poteriorly attached to:
-Posterior margin of perineal body

Laterally attached to:
-Deep fascia of superior medial thigh (Fascia Lata)

Anteriorly attached to:
-Membranous layer of superficial Fascia of Abdomen (Scarpa’s Layer)

17
Q

Where is the Superficial Perineal Pouch found?

A

Between:

  • Membranous layer of superficial fascia
  • Perineal membrane
18
Q

What are the contents of the Superficial Perineal Pouch

A

Males:

  • Bulb and Crura of penis
  • Proximal Spongy urethra
  • Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles
  • Branches of Internal pudendal Vessels
  • Branches of Pudendal Nerves

Females:

  • Crura of Clitoris and associated structures
  • Bulbs of vestibule and associated muscles
  • Superficial transverse perineal muscles
  • Branches of Internal pudendal vessels
  • Branches of Pudendal Nerves
  • Greater Vesibular Glands
19
Q

What, essentially, is the urogenital diaphragm

A

Deep perineal pouch

20
Q

What are the boundaries of the Deep Perineal Pouch

A

Historical: Best in males

  • Superior:
  • –Superior fascia of Urogenital diaphragm
  • Inferior:
  • –Perineal membrane

Current: Best in females

  • Superior
  • –Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm, laterally
  • –Obturator fascie, laterally
21
Q

What are the contents of the Deep Perineal Pouch

A

Male:

  • Deep transverse perineal muscles
  • Bulbouretheral glands
  • External urethral sphincter
  • Membranous urethra
  • Dorsal neurovasculature of penis

Female:

  • Proximal urethra
  • Smooth muscle (NB. there is no deep transverse perineal muscles)
  • Dorsal neurovasculature of clitoris
  • Ischioanal fat pads
  • Sphincter urethra
22
Q

What are the clinical implications of the perineium

A

Extravasated urine (collection of urine in the wrong place

Pelvis (9 decks)

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