Ch 10 Flashcards
A 45-year-old woman visited her clinician a er experiencing sudden onset of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss in her left ear, nausea, and vomiting. This was the second episode in the past few months. She was referred to an otolaryngologist to rule out Ménière disease. Which of the following statements correctly
describe the functions of the external, middle, or inner ear?
A. Sound waves are funneled through the external ear to the external auditory meatus and then they pass inward to the tympanic membrane.
B. e cochlea of the inner ear contains receptors for hearing, semicircular canals contain receptors that respond to head tilt, and the otolith organs contain receptors that respond to rotation.
C. Contraction of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles of the middle ear cause the manubrium of the malleus to be pulled outward and the footplate of the stapes to be pulled inward.
D. Sound waves are transformed by the eardrum and auditory ossicles into movements of the footplate of the malleus.
E. e semicircular canals, the utricle, and the saccule of the
middle ear are concerned with equilibrium.
A. Sound waves are funneled through the external ear to the external auditory meatus and then they pass inward to the tympanic membrane.
A 45-year-old man with testicular cancer underwent chemotherapy treatment with cisplatin. He reported several adverse side effects including changes in taste, numbness and tingling in his fingertips, and reduced sound clarity. When the damage to the outer hair cells is greater than the damage to the inner hair cells,
A. perception of vertical acceleration is disrupted.
B. K+ concentration in endolymph is decreased.
C. K+ concentration in perilymph is decreased.
D. there is severe hearing loss.
E. affected hair cells fail to shorten when exposed to sound.
E. affected hair cells fail to shorten when exposed to sound.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. The motor protein for inner hair cells is prestin.
B. The auditory ossicles function as a lever system to convert the resonant vibrations of the tympanic membrane into movements of the stapes against the endolymph- filled scala tympani.
C. The loudness of a sound is directly correlated with the amplitude of a sound wave, and pitch is inversely correlated with the frequency of the sound wave.
D. Conduction of sound waves to the fluid of the inner ear via the tympanic membrane and the auditory ossicles is called bone conduction.
E. High-pitched sounds generate waves that reach maximum height near the base of the cochlea; low-pitched sounds generate waves that peak near the apex.
E. High-pitched sounds generate waves that reach maximum height near the base of the cochlea; low-pitched sounds generate waves that peak near the apex.
A 40-year-old man, employed as a road construction worker
for nearly 20 years, went to his clinician to report that he recently began to notice difficulty hearing during normal conversations. A Weber test showed that sound from a vibrating tuning fork was localized to the right ear. A Schwabach test showed that bone conduction was below normal. A Rinne test showed that both air and bone conduction were abnormal, but air conduction lasted longer than bone conduction. The diagnosis was
A. sensorial deafness in both ears.
B. conduction deafness in the right ear.
C. sensorial deafness in the right ear.
D. conduction deafness in the left ear.
E. sensorineural deafness in the left ear.
E. sensorineural deafness in the left ear.
What would the diagnosis be if a patient had the following test results? Weber test showed that sound from a vibrating tuning fork was louder than normal; Schwabach test showed that bone conduction was better than normal; and Rinne test showed that air conduction did not outlast bone conduction.
A. Sensorial deafness in both ears
B. Conduction deafness in both ears
C. Normal hearing
D. Both sensorial and conduction deafness
E. A possible tumor on the eighth cranial nerve
B. Conduction deafness in both ears
The auditory pathway
A. and vestibular pathway contain a synapse in the cerebellum.
B. and vestibular pathway project to the same regions of the cerebral cortex.
C. is composed of afferent fibers of the eighth cranial nerve, the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, the superior colliculi, the lateral geniculate body, and the auditory cortex.
D. is composed of afferent fibers of the eighth cranial nerve, the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculi, the medial geniculate body, and the auditory cortex.
E. is not subject to plasticity like the visual pathways.
D. is composed of afferent fibers of the eighth cranial nerve, the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculi, the medial geniculate body, and the auditory cortex.
A healthy male medical student volunteered to undergo evaluation of the function of his vestibular system for a class demonstration. The direction of his nystagmus is expected to be vertical when he is rotated
A. after warm water is put in one of his ears.
B. with his head tipped backward.
C. after cold water is put in both of his ears.
D. with his head tipped sideways.
E. with his head tipped forward.
D. with his head tipped sideways.
In the utricle, tip links in hair cells are involved in
A. formation of perilymph.
B. depolarization of the stria vascularis.
C. movements of the basement membrane.
D. perception of sound.
E. regulation of distortion-activated ion channels.
E. regulation of distortion-activated ion channels.
Postrotatory nystagmus is caused by continued movement of
A. aqueous humor over the ciliary body in the eye.
B. cerebrospinal fluid over the parts of the brainstem that contain the vestibular nuclei.
C. endolymph in the semicircular canals, with consequent bending of the cupula and stimulation of hair cells.
D. endolymph toward the helicotrema.
E. perilymph over hair cells that have their processes embedded in the tectorial membrane.
C. endolymph in the semicircular canals, with consequent bending of the cupula and stimulation of hair cells.
A patient enters the hospital for evaluation of deafness. He is found to also have an elevated plasma renin, although his blood pressure is 118/75 mm Hg. Mutation of what single gene may explain these ndings?
A. The gene for barttin
B. The gene for Na+ channel
C. The gene for renin
D. The gene for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
E. The gene for tyrosine hydroxylase
A. The gene for barttin
