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Gross Anatomy Lecture (Exam 1) > Myology > Flashcards

Myology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachment points of trapezius m.?

A

thoracic spinous processes, external occipital protuberance, clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine

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2
Q

What is the action and Innervation of the trapezius m.?

A

Rotate glenoid cavity superiority, retract the scapula, elevate scapula, depress scapula, extend the neck (with bilateral contraction), laterally flex the neck and rotate the face away (with unilateral contraction)

Spinal Accessory N.

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3
Q

What are the attachment points for Latissimus Dorsi M.?

A

Thoracic spinous process, ribs, Inferior scapula, Intertubercular groove of the humerus, and iliac crest

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4
Q

What is the action and Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi M.?

A

Extend, ADduct, and medically rotate the humerus, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiority

N: Thoracodorsal

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5
Q

What are the attachment points for rhomboid major and minor?

A

Major: thoracic spinous processes and medial border of scapula, inferior to the scapular spine

Minor: thoracic spinous processes and medial border of scapula, at the level of the scapular spine

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6
Q

What is the innervation for Rhomboid major, minor, and levator scapulae m.?

A

Dorsal Scapular N.

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7
Q

What are the attachment points for Levator Scapulae M.?

A

Cervical transverse processes and medial border of scapula, superior to the scapular spine

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8
Q

What are the actions of rhomboid major, minor, and levator scapulae?

A

Major and Minor: Retract and elevate the scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

Levator: Elevate scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly, extend and laterally flex the neck (when bilaterally and unilaterally contracting, respectively)

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9
Q

What muscles are in Layer 3 and what are their functions?

A

Serratus Posterior Superior: elevate ribs with forced inspiration (but primarily proprioception)

Serratus Posterior Inferior: depress ribs with forced expiration (but primarily proprioception)

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10
Q

What are the attachments for and innervations for Serratus Posterior Inferior/Superior?

A

S. P. Superior: nuchal line and cervical/thoracic spinal processes, and superior surfaces of ribs

     N: Intercostal nerves (2-5)

S.P. Inferior: Thoracic/lumbar spinal processes and inferior surface of ribs

     N: Anterior Rami T9-12
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11
Q

What layer are Splenius Capitus M. and Splenius Cervicis M. In and where do they respectively attach?

A

They are both in layer 4.

Splenius Capitus: mastoid process of temporal bone, cervical/thoracic spinous processes, and ligamentum nuchae

Splenius Cervicis: thoracic spinous processes and cervical transverse processes

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12
Q

What are the actions and innervations of Splenius Cervicis and Splenius Capitus?

A

Splenius Cervicis: Extend the neck (when contracting bilaterally), laterally flex the neck and rotate the face toward the muscle (when contracting unilaterally)

N: Posterior Rami C5-C7

Splenius Capitus: Extend the neck (when contracting bilaterally), laterally flex the neck and rotate the face toward the muscle (when contracting unilaterally) [SAME AS CERVICIS]

 N: Posterior Rami C3-C7
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13
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Erector Spinae Group and what are they from lateral to medial?

A

They maintain erect posture and extend the vertebral column and head (when contracting bilaterally), and laterally flex the vertebral column (when contracting unilaterally)

N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis

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14
Q

What are the different regions of Iliocostalis and their respective attachment points?

A

Iliocostalis Lumborum M.: Attaches from the iliac crest, to thoracic/lumbar spinal processes, sacral crest, and costal angles of ribs

Iliocostalis Thoracis M.: Costal angles of ribs and transverse process C7

Iliocostalis Cervicis M.: Costal angles of ribs and posterior tubercles of cervical transverse processes

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15
Q

What are the different regions of Longissimus and their respective attachment points?

A

Longissimus Thoracis M.: Iliac crest, sacral crest, and thoracic/lumbar spinous processes, thoracic transverse processes, and ribs

Longissimus Cervicis M.: Thoracic transverse processes and cervical posterior tubercles of transverse processes

Longissimus Capitis M.: Thoracic transverse processes, cervical articulated processes, and mastoid process of the temporal bone

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16
Q

What are the regional Spinalis muscles and what are their respective attachment points?

A

Spinalis Thoracis M.: Thoracic/lumbar spinous processes to upper thoracic spinous processes

Spinalis Cervicis M.: Thoracic spinous processes to cervical spinous processes

Spinalis Capitis M.: Usually absent or blended with Semispinalis Capitis M.

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17
Q

Over how many spinal segments does the semispinalis group extend and what are they innervated by?

A

5-6 segments

N: Posterior Rami

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18
Q

What are the regional separations for the semispinalis muscles and their respective actions/attachments?

A

Semispinalis Thoracis: Extends spine and rotates the spine away; attaches to thoracic transverse processes and upper thoracic/lower cervical spinous processes

Semispinalis Cervicis: Extends the spine and rotates the spine away; attaches to the upper thoracic transverse processes and cervical spinous processes

Semispinalis Capitis: Extends the head and rotates the face away; attaches to the cervical transverse processes and between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone

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19
Q

What are the actions of Multifidus, Rotatores Longus, and Rotatores Brevis, and what are they innervated by?

A

They all extend the spine and rotate the spine away

N: Posterior Rami

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20
Q

How many spinal segments do Multifidus, Rotatores Longus, and Rotatores Brevis extend over?

A

Multifidus: 3-4 segments

Rotatores Longus: 2 segments

Rotatores Brevis: 1 segment

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21
Q

What are the other deep back muscles and their innervation?

A

Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, levator cosatrum Longus, and levator cosatrum brevis

N: Posterior Rami

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22
Q

What are the attachments and their actions for the “other deep back muscles”?

A

Interspinalis: spinous process to adjacent spinous process; extend spine

Intertransversarii: transverse process to adjacent transverse process; laterally flex spine

Levator Costarum Longus: Transverse processes to 2nd rib inferior to the origin; elevate ribs

Levator Costarum Brevis: Transverse processes to adjacent rib inferior to origin; elevate ribs

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23
Q

What is the innervation for the Suboccipital muscles and what are they?

A

N: Suboccipital N.

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor & Major

Obliquus Capitis Inferior and Superior

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24
Q

What makes up the Suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus Capitis posterior major (medial border), Obliquus Capitis inferior (inferior border), and Obliquus Capitis Superior (lateral border)

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25
Q

What are the attachments and actions for Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor?

A

Major: C2 spinous process and the lateral portion of the inferior nuchal line; extend head and rotate face toward the muscle

Minor: Posterior tubercle of C1 and just below the inferior nuchal line; extend the head

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26
Q

What are the attachments and actions for Obliquus Capitis Superior and Inferior?

A

Superior: Transverse process of C1 to in between superior and inferior nuchal lines; extend and laterally flex the head

Inferior: C2 spinous process to transverse process of C1; rotate the face toward the muscle

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27
Q

What are the attachments and action of Pectoralis Major M.?

A

It attaches to the clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage, the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles, and the anteriolateral edge of the humerus

It ADducts and medically rotates the humerus, protracted and depresses the scapula, flexes the humerus, and extends the humerus when it is in the flexed state

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28
Q

What are the attachments and action of Pectoralis Minor M.?

A

The medial portion of the ribs and the coracoacromial process of the scapula

It stabilizes the scapula by protraction great and depressing it agains the thoracic wall

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29
Q

What are the innervations for the Pectoralis Major and Minor M.?

A

Major: Medial and Lateral Pectoral N.

Minor: Medial Pectoral N.

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30
Q

Where does the Subclavius M sit and what does it do?

A

It sits below the clavicle, in between the clavicle and 1st rib

It positions and depresses the clavicle

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31
Q

What innervates the Subclavius M.?

A

Subclavian Nerve

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32
Q

Where does Serratus Anterior M. attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the lateral external surface of the ribs and the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

It protracts the scapula, stabilizing it against the thoracic wall, and it rotates the glenoid cavity superiority

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33
Q

What innervates and supplies Serratus Anterior M.?

A

Long Thoracic Nerve and the Lateral Thoracic Artery

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34
Q

Where does the Deltoid M. attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the clavicle, scapular spine, acromion, and deltoid tuberosity on the humerus

Anterior part: Flexes and medially rotates the humerus
Middle part: ABducts the humerus
Posterior part: Extend and laterally rotates the humerus

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35
Q

What innervates and supplies the deltoid M.?

A

Axillary Nerve and Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

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36
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor

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37
Q

Where does subscapularis attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the subscapular fossa and the humerus

It medially rotates and ADducts the humerus, and helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

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38
Q

Where does Supraspinatus attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus

It ABducts the humerus and helps to hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

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39
Q

Where does Infraspinatus sit and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus

It laterally rotates the humerus and helps to hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

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40
Q

What innervates Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, and Infraspinatus?

A

Subscapularis: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve

Supraspinatus: Suprascapular N.

Infraspinatus: Suprascapular N.

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41
Q

Where does Teres Minor attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the middle portion of the lateral border of the scapula

It laterally rotates the humerus and helps to hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

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42
Q

Where does Teres Major attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula and the intertubercular groove of the humerus

It ADducts and medially rotates the humerus

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43
Q

What are Teres Minor and Major innervated by?

A

Minor: Axillary N (same as the deltoid)

Major: Lower Subscapular N.

44
Q

What are the borders of the triangular space and what runs through it?

A

Borders: Teres Minor, Teres Major, and Long head of the Triceps Brachii

Circumflex Scapular Artery runs through it

45
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space and what runs through it?

A

Borders: Teres Minor, Teres Major, Long and Lateral heads of the Triceps Brachii

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery and Axillary Nerve run through it

46
Q

What are the borders of the triangular interval and what runs through it?

A

Borders: Teres Major, Long and Lateral heads of the Triceps Brachii

Deep Brachial Artery and Radial Nerve run through it

47
Q

What muscles does the Musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, and Brachialis

48
Q

What are the attachments for the Biceps Brachii and what does it do?

A

Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula to the radial tuberosity/antebrachial fascia as the bicipital aponeurosis
Short head: Coracoid process of the scapula (to the same insertion point)

It flexes the humerus and forearm, and it supinates the forearm

49
Q

Where does the Coracobrachialis M. attach and what does it do?

A

The coracoid process of the scapula and the medial aspect of the humerus

It flexes and ADducts the humerus

50
Q

Where does the brachialis attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the distal anterior aspect of the humerus to the ulnar tuberosity/Coronoid process

It flexes the forearm

51
Q

What nerve innervates Triceps Brachii and Anconeus?

A

Radial Nerve

52
Q

What muscles are part of the anterior compartment of the brachium?

A

Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, brachialis

53
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the brachium?

A

Musculocutaneous

54
Q

What muscles are part of the posterior compartment of the brachium?

A

Triceps Brachii and Anconeous

55
Q

Where do the Triceps Brachii attach and what do they do?

A

Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial Head: posterior aspect of the humeral body
Lateral Head: posterior aspect of the humeral body
- All attach to the olecranon

They extend the forearm

56
Q

Where does the anconeous attach and what does it do?

A

Lateral humeral epicondyle and olecranon

It helps extend the forearm and stabilize the elbow joint

57
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of FLEXORS?

A

Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

58
Q

What innervates Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, and Palmaris Longus?

A

Median N.

59
Q

What innervates Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Ulnar N.

60
Q

Where do all the superficial layer of flexors originate from?

A

Medial Humeral Epicondyle

61
Q

Where does Pronator Teres insert into and what does it do?

A

It inserts into the lateral aspect of the radius

It pronates and flexes the arm

62
Q

Where does Flexor Carpi Radialis insert and what does it do?

A

It inserts into the base of the 2nd metacarpal

It flexes the forearm, and flexes and ABducts the hand at the wrist

63
Q

Where does Palmaris Longus insert and what does it do?

A

It inserts into the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

It flexes the forearm, and flexes the hand and tenses the palmar aponeurosis

64
Q

Where does the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris insert and what does it do?

A

It inserts into the pisiform, hamate hook, and base of the 5th metacarpal

It flexes the forearm, and flexes and ADducts the hand at the wrist

65
Q

What muscles are part of the Intermediate Layer of FLEXORS?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

66
Q

What innervates Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Median N.

67
Q

Where does Flexor Digitorum Superficialis attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches from the medial humeral epicondyle, anteriosuperior part of the radius, and coronoid process of the ulna to the intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5

It flexes the forearm, flexes the hand at the wrist, flexes the proximal and intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5

68
Q

What muscles are in the deep layer of FLEXORS?

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Pronator Quadratus

69
Q

What innervates the muscles of the deep layer of flexors?

A

Anterior Interosseous N. (A branch of the median N.)

70
Q

Where does Flexor Digitorum Profundus attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches from the ulna and interosseous membrane to the bases of the distal phalanges 2-5

NOTE: the tendon passes through the bifed tendon on the Flexor Digitorum Superificialis

It flexes the hand at the wrist, flexes all phalanges of digits 2-5 at the Metacarpophalangeal/proximal/distal interphalangeal joints

71
Q

Where does the Flexor Pollicis Longus attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches on the radius and interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalanx of the Pollux

It flexes the hand, flexes and ABducts the 1st metacarpal at the 1st carpometacarpal joint, flexes both phalanges of the Pollux

72
Q

Where does the Pronator Quadratus attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches on the distal ulna and distal radius

It pronates the forearm and holds the ulna and radius together

73
Q

What muscles are part of the superficial layer of EXTENSORS?

A

Brachioradialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

74
Q

What are Brachioradialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus innervated by?

A

Radial N

75
Q

What is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus innervated by?

A

Deep Radial N

76
Q

What innervates Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Posterior Interosseous Nerve

77
Q

Where do Brachioradialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus originate?

A

Lateral Humeral Supracondylar Ridge

78
Q

Where do Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris originate from?

A

Lateral Humeral Epicondyle

79
Q

Where does Extensor Carpi Radialis insert and what does it do?

A

It inserts to the base of the 2nd metacarpal

It extends and ABducts the hand at the wrist

80
Q

Where does Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis insert and what does it do?

A

The base of the 3rd metacarpal

It extends and ABducts the hand at the wrist

81
Q

Where does Extensor Digitorum insert and what does it do?

A

It inserts into the Extensor expansions of digits 2-5

It extends the hand at the wrist, extends all phalanges of digits 2-5

82
Q

Where does Extensor Digiti Minimi insert and what does it do?

A

It inserts in to the extensor expansion of digit 5

It extends all phalanges of digit 5

83
Q

Where does Extensor Carpi Ulnaris insert and what does it do?

A

It inserts into the base of the 5th metacarpal

It extends and ADducts the hand at the wrist

84
Q

What are the deep extensor muscles and what are they innervated by?

A

Supinator: Deep Radial N.

Extensor Indicis: Posterior Interosseous N.

85
Q

What do the deep extensor muscles do and where do they respectively attach?

A

Supinator: Attaches between the lateral humeral epicondyle, ligaments of the elbow, and the proximal aspect of the radial body

It supinates the forearm

Extensor Indicis: Attaches between the distal ulna and the extensor expansion of digit 2

It extends the hand at the wrist and extends the 2nd digit

86
Q

What are the outcropping muscles of the deep layer of extensors and what are they all innervated by?

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Longus, and Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Posterior Interosseous N.

87
Q

Where does the Abductor Pollicis Longus attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches on the proximal ulna and radius to the base of the 1st metacarpal

It ABducts the hand at the wrist, ABducts the Pollux

88
Q

Where does the Extensor Pollicis Longus attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches at the posterior aspect of the ulna to the base of the distal phalanx of the Pollux

It ABducts the hand at the wrist, extends 1st metacarpal and the proximal and distal phalanges of the Pollux

89
Q

Where does the Extensor Pollicis Brevis attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the posterior aspect of the radius to the base of the proximal phalanx of the Pollux

It ABducts the hand, Extends the 1st metacarpal and proximal phalanges of the Pollux

90
Q

What muscles make up the Thenar Eminence?

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, and Adductor Pollicis

91
Q

Where does the Abductor Pollicis Brevis attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum to the base of the proximal phalanx of the Pollux

It ABducts the Pollux and aids in opposition

92
Q

Where does the Opponens Pollicis attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum to the 1st metacarpal

It opposes the Pollux

93
Q

What does Flexor Pollicis Brevis attach to and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum to the base of the proximal phalanx of the Pollux

It flexes the 1st Metacarpal and Proximal phalanges of the Pollux

94
Q

Where does Adductor Pollicis attach and what does it do?

A

Transverse head: body of 3rd metacarpal to the proximal phalanx of the Pollux

Oblique Head: capitate and base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals to proximal phalanx of the Pollux

It ADducts the Pollux

95
Q

What innervates Abductor Pollicis Brevis and Opponens Pollicis?

A

Recurrent Branch of the Median N.

96
Q

What innervates Adductor Pollicis?

A

Deep Ulnar N.

97
Q

What innervates Flexor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Superficial Head: Recurrent Branch of the Medial N.

Deep Head: Deep Ulnar N.

98
Q

What muscles are part of the Hypothenar eminence and what are they innervated by?

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis, and Opponens Digiti Minimi

Deep Ulnar N.

99
Q

Where does Abductor Digiti Minimi attach to and what does it do?

A

Pisiform to base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

ABduct 5th digit

100
Q

Where does Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis attach and what does it do?

A

Attaches from the Hamate hook to the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

It flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

101
Q

Where does Opponens Digiti Minimi attach and what does it do?

A

It attaches from the hamate hook to the medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal

It opposes the 5th digit

102
Q

What groups of muscles are the intermediate muscles in the hand?

A

Lumbricals, DABs, and PADs

103
Q

Action and Innervation for 1st and 2nd Lumbricals?

A

Action: Flex proximal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits, extend intermediate and distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits by tightening extensor expansion

N: Median N.

104
Q

Action and Innervation for 3rd and 4th Lumbricals?

A

Action: Flex proximal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits, extend intermediate and distal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits by tightening extensor expansion

N: Deep Ulnar N

105
Q

Action and Innervation of DABs?

A

Action: ABduct digits 2-4, flex proximal phalanges, extend intermediate and distal phalanges

N: Deep Ulnar N.

106
Q

Action and Innervation of PADs?

A

Action: ADduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits, flex proximal phalanges of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits, and extend intermediate and distal phalanges of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits

N: Deep Ulnar N.

Gross Anatomy Lecture (Exam 1) (3 decks)

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