71. Carcinogenesis (chemical and physical agents)

Question 1

Initiation in carcinogenesis

Answer 1

mutation of a single cell, proliferation ability increases

Question 2

Promotion in carcinogenesis

Answer 2

reversible effects on cells will fasten the growth

Question 3

Progression in carcinogenesis

Answer 3

initiated cell becomes malignant, increased proliferation

Question 4

Natural promotional effects of carcinogenesis

Answer 4

Oestrogen
Mediators of chronic inflammation

Question 5

DNA damage can be induced by

Answer 5

▪ Chemical agents
▪ Radiation, physical agents
▪ Microbial agents

Question 6

Number of Internationally registered chemical agents

Answer 6

10 million

Question 7

Indirect carcinogenic agents

Answer 7

• Metabolic transformation (eg. CYP450)
• Polycyclic carbohydrates (fossil fuels, tobacco)
• Aromatic amins
• Plant and microbial metabolits (Aflatoxins)

Question 8

Radiation, physical agents carcinogenic agents

Answer 8

UV light
Radiation
Nuclear fission (radionuclides)