7.1 Study Guide Flashcards
(16 cards)
What order do the stages of the cell cycle occur in
G1, S, G2, M
Which stages of the cell cycle make up interphase
G1, G0, S, G2
What occurs in G1
The cell increases in size and prepares to replicate its DNA
What occurs in S
The cell replicates its DNA. At the end of this phase, the cell has two complete sets of chromosomes.
What occurs in G2
The cell continues to grow and prepares for division
What occurs during M
The cell divides
What is G0
Cells enter G0 when they receive signals to differentiate or when resources are insufficient to grow and divide.
What do stimulating proteins do
Cause the cell to pass
What do inhibiting proteins do
Cause the cell to stop
What are growth factors
Proteins released by body cells to stimulate other nearby cells.
What are CDK and cyclins
CDK and cyclins join to activate Cdk. CDK then phosphorylates target enzymes and triggers next phase of cell cycle
What are proto-oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes code for stimulation proteins (Cyclins, growth factors)
What are tumor-suppressor genes
Code for inhibitory proteins (degrade or prevent formation of CDK/cyclin complexes)
What does a mutated proto-oncogene become? What will it do?
When mutated it becomes an oncogene. Stimulates uncontrolled division. Only requires one to cause cancer
What does a mutated tumor-suppressor gene do?
Can cause cancer because it stops pausing the cell cycle
