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NEU2 > Exotic neurology > Flashcards

Exotic neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by “floppy rabbit syndrome”?

A

Where rabbits fall over, appear unresponsive, slowly come round, occurs when rabbits are unwell, unhappy etc.

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2
Q

List the differentials for floppy rabbit syndrom

A
  • Pain (spine, kidneys, skull)
  • CNS: toxo, E. cuniculi, meningitis
  • Stress
  • Toxicity: lead, zinc (although would not keep recovering)
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3
Q

List the differentials for a head tilt in a rabbit

A
  • E. cuniculi
  • Toxoplasma
  • Listeria
  • Meningitis
  • Otitis media
  • Brain abscess
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4
Q

List the differentials for seizures in rabbits

A
  • E. cuniculi
  • Toxoplasma
  • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
  • Skull trauma
  • Heavy metal toxicity (lead, zinc)
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5
Q

Discuss the finding of middle ear infection in rabbits

A
  • virutally every rabbit has middle ear infection

- Middle ear infection does not mean that this is the cause of a head tilt, need to rule out other causes

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6
Q

Describe the transmission of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus of rodents

A
  • Wild rodents can contaminate hay/straw that pet rodents are eating
  • Zoonotic
  • Transmitted by rodent urine
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7
Q

What is idiopathic epilepsy of gerbils?

A

Excitement triggered seizures

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8
Q

What is the ear parasite of rabbits?

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

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9
Q

Describe Psoroptes cuniculi infestations in rabbits

A
  • Common in low numbers, when become immunosuppressed or stressed will proliferate and lead to diseae
  • Can lead to head tilt, seizures
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10
Q

Describe the management of Psoroptes cuniculi

A
  • Care, delicate ear lining
  • Soften with mineral oil over a period of days to allow gentle removal
  • Ectoparasiticides, although care with systemic dosing
  • Need to look for signs of stress
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11
Q

List the differentials for urinary incontinence in rabbits

A
  • Spinal trauma
  • CNS lesions
  • CNS infections
  • E. cuniculi
  • Toxoplasma
  • Post spay
  • Urolithiasis
  • PUPD
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12
Q

Describe the clinical signs of urinary incontinence in rabbits

A
  • urine scald
  • Ventral dermatitis
  • Litter training lost
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13
Q

Outline the diagnostic tests required for the investigation of urinary incontinence in the rabbit

A
  • Neurological examination (can be difficult)
  • Urinalysis
  • Radiogaphy
  • Blood work
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14
Q

Outline the general treatment of urinary incontinence in rabbits

A
  • Treatment of underlying cause
  • Supportive treatment
  • Some neutered female rabbits are responsive to 0.5mg diethylstilbestrol once or twice a week
  • Palliative care important
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15
Q

Outline the diagnostic methods required/useful in the investigation of floppy rabbit syndrome

A
  • Radiography
  • Renal biopsy
  • Serology
  • CSF analysis
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16
Q

What is E. cuniculi?

A

A protozoal parasite that infects the kidneys and is excreted in urine, also infects neural tissue including the spinal cord and brain

17
Q

Describe the clinical signs of E. cuniculi infection of the rabbit

A
  • Depends on degree of inflammation
  • Head tilt
  • Tremors
  • Convulsions
  • Ataxia
  • Paresis
  • Renal disease
  • Emaciation
  • Symptoms that wax and wane
  • Unilateral signs can mean unilateral dental overgrowth
18
Q

How is E. cuniculi diagnosed in the rabbit?

A
  • PCR
  • Urinalysis
  • Serology
  • Tests to establish whether E. cuniculi is clinically significant in the kidney
19
Q

Outline the treatment of E. cuniculi in the rabbit

A
  • No treatment for neuro signs
  • Fenbendazole, albendazole listed in books, but Panacur will not cure neuro signs
  • May reduce the clinical signs if these are due to rapid replication of the parasite
  • Anti-inflammatories can help, but may encourage growht of Pasteurella and pneumonia
20
Q

How can you prevent Pasteurella getting worse in a rabbit?

A

Steroids with NSAIDs and fluoroquinolones

21
Q

Discuss the risk of E. cuniculi to humans

A

Unless immunosuppressed, unlikely to be affected. Must be severe immunosuppression e.g. HIV, organ transplant, chemotherapy

NEU2 (23 decks)

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