Module 2

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

An organism that causes disease.

Question 2

Saprophyte

Answer 2

An organism that feeds on dead matter

Question 3

Parasite

Answer 3

An organism that feeds on a living host

Question 4

Aerobic organism

Answer 4

An organism that requires oxygen

Question 5

Anaerobic organism

Answer 5

An organism that does not require oxygen

Question 6

Steady state

Answer 6

a state in which members of a population dies as quickly as new members are born.

Question 7

Exponential Growth

Answer 7

Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population.

Question 8

Logistic growth

Answer 8

Population growth that is controlled by limited resources.

Question 9

Conjugation

Answer 9

a temporary union of 2 organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.

Question 10

Plasmid

Answer 10

A small circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacteria and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code.

Question 11

Transformation

Answer 11

the transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell.

Question 12

Transduction

Answer 12

The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from 1 bacterium to another.

Question 13

Endospore

Answer 13

the DNA and other essential parts of a bacterium coated with several hard layers

Question 14

Strains

Answer 14

Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits

Question 15

Name the 8 parts of a bacteria

Answer 15

Plasma membrane, flagellum, capsule, DNA, cytoplasm, cell wall, fimbria, ribosome.

Question 16

Plasma membrane:

Answer 16

To negotiate what materials pass into and out of the cell.

Question 17

Flagellum;

Answer 17

To move the bacterium from place to place.

Question 18

Capsule:

Answer 18

To adhere to surfaces as well as to ward off infection-fighting agents

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

to store the information needed to make and organism a living thing

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

to hold the DNA and ribosomes in place

Question 21

Cell Wall;

Answer 21

to keep the interior of the cell together and to hold the cell’s shape

Question 22

Fimbria

Answer 22

to grasp onto surfaces or another bacterium during conjugation

Question 23

Ribosome

Answer 23

to make proteins

Question 24

What is the most popular means by which bacteria obtain Food?

Answer 24

Heterotrophic decomposers

Question 25

If a bacterium is parasitic, is it heterotrophic or a autotrophic?

Answer 25

Heterotrophic

Question 26

List the basic steps in asexual reproduction.

Answer 26

1 The DNA loop attaches to a point on the plasma membrane
2 the DNA is copied and the copy is attached to a point of the plasma membrane near the original
3 the cell wall elongates
4new cell wall and plasma membrane grow, closing the 2 loops off from each other. Eventually, the cell wall and plasma membrane pinch down.

Question 27

A Sample food is dehydrated, which kills all of the bacteria. However, in a few days bacteria-free water is added to the food in a bacteria-free environment. Nevertheless microscopic investigations indicate that bacteria are in the food. How did the bacteria get there?

Answer 27

the bacteria that are there were in the food as endospores

Question 28

What kind of growth does a population of bacteria experience when just a few of them are placed in an environment rich with resources?

Answer 28

Exponential growth

Question 29

A population of bacteria experiences logistical growth. What can you say about the resources of their environment?

Answer 29

The recourses are limited but do not run out

Question 30

Even though genetic recombination among bacteria does not result in offspring, it can significantly affect the growth of the population. Why?

Answer 30

genetic recombination can pass a trait from 1 bacterium to another. If that trait allows the recipient to survive conditions that it would otherwise wouldn’t, the population is affected, because the recipient continues to live and reproduce asexually.

Question 31

What are the technical names of the 3 common bacterial shapes?

Answer 31

Coccus (Spherical) bacillus(rod shaped) and Spirillum(Helical)

Question 32

What are the 4 phylums of kingdom monera?

Answer 32

Gracilicutes (which has 3 classes)
Firmicutes (which has 2 classes)
Tenericutes (which has 1 class)
Mendosicutes (which has 1 class)

Question 33

In the 6-kingdom classification system, what replaces kingdom Monera?

Answer 33

Kingdom Archaebacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria

Question 34

What conditions are ideal for most bacteria to grow and reproduce?

Answer 34

moister, moderate temperatures, nutrition, darkness, and the proper amount of oxygen.

Question 35

What methods exist for reducing the chance of bacterial contamination of food?

Answer 35

a) Heat the food so that most bacteria die and the seal it away from fresh air
b) Dehydrate the food
c) Freeze the food
d) Pasteurize the food
e) Keep it in the refrigerator

Question 36

What is the biological key for bacteria?

Answer 36

1 Cell wall……………………………………………….2
No cell wall….phylum Tenericutes…..class mollicutes
2 Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative……3
Neither….phylum Mendosicutes…..class Archaebacteria
3 Gram-Positive……..phylum Firmicutes..…….4
Gram-Negative.………phylum Gracilicutes……..5
4 Bacillus or Coccus…………………………class Firmibacteria
neither…………………………………..Class thallobacteria
5 Non-photosynthetic………………………..Class scotobacteria
photosynthetic……………………………………………..6
6 Produces Oxygen……………Class Oxyphotobacteria
does not Produce Oxygen…..Class Anoxyphotobacteria