A&P Quiz 2

Question 1

What are the types of Cell Junctions?

Answer 1

Tight Junction
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Gap Junction

Question 2

Tight Junction

Answer 2

Forms watertight seal b/n cells
Plasma membranes fused with strip of proteins
(great for cells that have water, ie: lumbar epithelial tissue in the lungs –> they need to be moist)
Common for cells in GI and bladder

Question 3

Desmosomes

Answer 3

Resists cellular separation and cellular disruption
Intermediate filament cross into cytoplasm of cell (a stronger connection than dat tight pussy connection)
Cellular support for cardiac muscle (they all contract at same time repeatedly – they need v strong connection for the cells to stay together)
Superficial layers of skin

Question 4

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 4

Half a desmosome
Connect cells to extracellular material (basal lamina)
(“hennidesmosomes” – that henny keeps u going thru life)

Question 5

Gap junction

Answer 5

Tiny space between plasma membranes of two cells
Cross by protein channels (connexons) forming fluid filled tunnels
Cell communication with ions and small molecules
Impulse spread from cell to cell (common in epithelial cells, heart, and smooth muscle of gut)
Ions passing thru gap junctions help for many cells to signal simultaneously, esp. important in areas with no or limited blood supply

Question 6

What are two types of normal tissue growth?

Answer 6

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Question 7

Hyperplasia

Answer 7

Tissue growth for cell multiplication (cell division)

Question 8

Hypertrophy

Answer 8

Enlargement of preexisting cells (ie: muscles grow via exercise)

Question 9

Neoplasia

Answer 9

Growth of a tumor (benign or malignant) through growth of abnormal tissue
May arise if cell division and cell death eq. is disturbed

Question 10

What are ways tissues can shrink?

Answer 10

Atrophy, necrosis, and apoptosis

Question 11

Atrophy

Answer 11

shrinkage of tissue from loss of cell size/number
Senile atrophy: when you get old, everything shrinks and your body doesn’t restore it
Disuse atrophy: me every summer when I have nothing to do

Question 12

Necrosis

Answer 12

Pathological death of tissue

Question 13

Gangrene

Answer 13

Due to insufficient blood supply

Question 14

Gas Gangrene

Answer 14

Bacterial infection that causes necrosis

Question 15

Decubitus Ulcer

Answer 15

Bed sore or pressure sore (feel that every summer too)

Question 16

Apoptosis

Answer 16

Programmed cell death
Cells shrink and are phagocytized (no inflammation)
Ex: webbing between fingers, uterus after delivery

Question 17

What are two examples of tissue Repair

Answer 17

Regeneration: when damaged tissue is replaced with original cell type (ie: epithelial surface damage)
Fibrosis

Question 18

Fibrosis

Answer 18

Replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue (ie: collagen filling space) –> this prevents original cell type to come back into the space, interfering with function
Can help hold organs together, but again function is not restored

Question 19

Keloid

Answer 19

healing with excessive fibrosis (raised, shiny scars)

Question 20

What are conditions affecting tissue repair?

Answer 20

Nutrition (need enough protein for structural component)
Proper blood circulation (delivers O2 and removes fluids and bacteria) –> we can predict how fast a tissue type will heal based on available blood vessels
Aging (collagen fibers change in quantity)

Question 21

Tissue Engineering

Answer 21

Insulin producing cells (pancreas)
Dopamine producing cells (brain)
Bone, tendon, heart valves, intestines, and bone marrow
“fancy meat” – meat grown in a lab