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Clinical Practice 305 > Implications of Dental Disease in Children > Flashcards

Implications of Dental Disease in Children Flashcards

1
Q

How many children have caries in the UK?

A

1/3 aged 5, 1/2 of 8 yr olds

Affects 621 million children globally, 10th most common disease

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2
Q

Implications of caries?

A

Pain
Infec
General health
Psychosocial

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3
Q

Define pain

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional response to actual or potential tissue damage
Purely subjective

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4
Q

How common is dental pain in children?

A

We don’t know how children describe dental pain

Few researchers have asked children

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5
Q

How do children describe dental pain?

Effects of dental pain on children?

A

Stabbing, burning, dull, pressing, weird

Crying, stops them from playing, miss schools

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6
Q

Words used to describe pulp testing?

A

Uncomfortable
Sore
Hitting
Dizzy

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7
Q

Prevalence of caries in children?

A

50% of children with caries

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8
Q

When is pain more likely if caries is present?

A

At young age
2 or more surfaces
Disease in lower molars

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9
Q

Signs of caries in very young children?

A

Pain on toothbrushing
During eating
Not crying at night

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10
Q

Types of dental infection in children?

A

Chronic infec

  • Buccal sinus
  • Hypoplasia of permanent successor

Acute infection:

  • Facial swelling
  • Pyrexia
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11
Q

Effects of caries on general health?

A

Poor diet
Pain when eating
Weight lowered
Mean height between 10th-25th percentiles in group with caries, caries free = 50-75th percentile
Iron deficiency in 80% of children who required a higher number of extractions

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12
Q

Psychosocial - what does oral health related quality of life measure?

A

Oral symptoms
Functional limitations
Social well being
Emotional well being

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13
Q

What psychological effects can caries have in children?

A

In 12yr olds - lower self confidence
Feel sad about teeth
Embarrassed and ashamed to smile or laugh

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14
Q

What are the implications of treating caries in children?

A

Short attention span
Fear of unknown
Child dental anxiety - 1/5 (higher in females)
Communication difficult

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15
Q

What is the impact of dental anxiety?

A

Children:

  • OH status and QoL
  • Waiting lists
  • Travel

Dental professionals:

  • Cause of occupational stress
  • Time consuming

Dental services:

  • Financial implications
  • Higher rates of missed/cancelled appointments
  • Referrals to specialist service demand
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16
Q

What communication problems are described by children?

A

Less information provided than required
Problems understanding language
Lack of opportunities for children to participate

17
Q

How to give LA to children?

A

Topical
Explain how it might feel to be numb
Small amounts of treatment

18
Q

What is most commonly used for conscious sedation?

How can it be given?

A

Nitrous oxide/oxygen

Oral, transmucosal, intravenous

19
Q

What are the minor and major risks of GA?

A

Minor:
Nausea
Vomiting
Headache

Major:
Mortality rate 1:2 million
Highest in infants and >70yrs

20
Q

Impact of GA on children?

A

Pre-op: hunger, scared

Post op: discomfort from IV cannula, nausea, bleeding, tired, disturbed eating

21
Q

Benefits of treatment under GA?

A

One visit
Multiple procedures
Cost effective

22
Q

What occurs when caries treatment is successful in children?

A

Less pain
Eating more
Sleeping better
Improved OH QoL

23
Q

How to minimise the impact of dental caries?

A

Prevention
Community OH promotion
Reducing child dental anxiety

24
Q

How to prevent caries in children 0-3yrs old?

A 
Breast feed
1yr+ bottle feeding stopped
No added sugar
Parents brush/supervise children
Brush last thing at night, once another time in day
1000ppm F
Smear of toothpaste
Sugar free medication
25
Q

How to prevent caries in children 3-6yrs old?

A 
Brush x2 daily
Supervised
1350-1500 +
Spit do not rinse
Decrease freq and amount of sugar
Apply fluoride varnish to teeth x2 a yr
26
Q

How to prevent caries in children 7+ and young adults?

A

Fluoride varnish x2 yearly
Brush x2, spit
1500ppmF
8yrs+ with caries = prescribe fluoride rinse

27
Q

What F to prescribe children 10+ with active caries?

A

2800ppm F

28
Q

What F to prescribe children 16+ with active caries?

A

2800 or 5000ppm F

29
Q

What is community oral health promotion?

A

F varnish programmes in schools or care homes
Supervise brushing in schools
Fluoridation of water
Healthy food and drink

30
Q

What is CBT?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy to help reduce dental anxiety by:
Challenging unhelpful thoughts - normalises dental anxiety, provides info
Enhancing control - message to dentist, stop signal
Reflect and plan reward

Clinical Practice 305 (24 decks)

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