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Anatomy > Gluteal Region and Hamstrings > Flashcards

Gluteal Region and Hamstrings Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Minimus Action?

A

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

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2
Q

Gluteus Maximus Proximal?

A
  1. Ilium (posterior to posterior Gluteal line)
  2. Dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
  3. sacrotuberous ligament
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3
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae Proximal?

A
  1. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

2. Iliac Crest (anterior part)

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4
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae Action?

A
  1. Abducts with hip in flexed position

2. Rotates and abducts a flexed thigh

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5
Q

Gluteus Maximus Action?

A
  1. Extends the hip
  2. Laterally rotates the thigh
  3. Upper fibers aid to abduct thigh
  4. Keep upright when walking
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6
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae Distal?

A

IT band attached to lateral condyle of Tibia

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7
Q

Gluteus Medius Distal?

A

Greater trochanter lateral aspect

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8
Q

Gluteus Maximus Nerve?

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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9
Q

Gluteus Maximus Distal?

A
  1. Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur (25%)

2. IT band (75%)

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10
Q

Gluteus Minimus Proximal?

A

Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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11
Q

Gluteus Medius Nerve?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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12
Q

Gluteus Medius Proximal?

A

Ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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13
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae Nerve?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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14
Q

Gluteus Minimus Nerve?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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15
Q

Gluteus Medius Action?

A
  1. Abducts and medially rotates thigh

2. Functionally: stabilized pelvis and prevents free limb from sagging during gait

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16
Q

Gluteus Minimus Distal?

A

Greater Trochanter anterior surface

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17
Q

Piriformis Proximal?

A
  1. Anterior surface of Sacrum

2. Sacrotuberous Ligament

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18
Q

Piriformis Distal?

A

Superior Border of Greater Trochanter (through greater sciatic foramen)

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19
Q

Piriformis Action?

A
  1. Medially rotates the thigh when hip is flexed past 90 degrees
  2. Laterally rotates the thigh when his is flexed less than 90 degrees
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20
Q

Piriformis Nerve?

A

Anterior Rami (S1, S2)

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21
Q

Superior Gemellus Proximal?

A

Ischial Spine

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22
Q

Superior Gemellus Distal?

A

Greater Trochanter (medial surface- Trochanteric Fossa)

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23
Q

Superior Gemellus Action?

A

Laterally rotates thigh (femur)

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24
Q

Superior Gemellus Nerve?

A

Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)

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25
Q

Obturator Internus Proximal?

A

Internal surface of Obturator Foramen

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26
Q

Obturator Internus Distal?

A

Medial aspect of Greater Trochanter (through greater sciatic foramen)

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27
Q

Obturator Internus Action?

A

Laterally rotates thigh (femur)

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28
Q

Obturator Internus Nerve?

A

Nerve to Obturator Internus

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29
Q

Inferior Gemellus Proximal?

A

Ischial Tuberosity

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30
Q

Inferior Gemellus Distal?

A

Greater Trochanter (medial surface- Trochanteric Fossa)

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31
Q

Inferior Gemellus Action?

A

Laterally rotates thigh (femur)

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32
Q

Inferior Gemellus Nerve?

A

Nerve to Quadratis Femoris (L5, S1)

33
Q

Obturator Externus Proximal?

A

External surface of Obturator membrane

34
Q

Obturator Externus Distal?

A

Trochanteric Fossa of Femur

35
Q

Obturator Externus Action?

A

Laterally rotates thigh (femur)

36
Q

Obturator Externus Nerve?

A

Obturator

37
Q

Quadratis Femoris Proximal?

A

Ischial Tuberosity (lateral border)

38
Q

Quadratis Femoris Distal?

A

Intertrochanteric Crest (Quadrate Tubercle)

39
Q

Quadratis Femoris Action?

A

Laterally rotates thigh (femur)

40
Q

Quadratis Femoris Nerve?

A

Nerve to Quadratis Femoris (L5, S1)

41
Q

Semitendinosus Proximal?

A

Ischial Tuberosity

42
Q

Semitendinosus Distal?

A

Superior medial aspect of the Tibial (Pes anserinus)

43
Q

Semitendinosus Action?

A
  1. Extends hip
  2. Flexes knee
  3. Medially rotates tibia (open chain)
44
Q

Semitendinosus Nerve?

A

Sciatic Nerve (Tibial division L5, S1, S2)

45
Q

Semimembranosus Proximal?

A

Ischial Tuberosity

46
Q

Semimembranosus Distal?

A

Posterior medial tibial condyle

47
Q

Semimembranosus Action?

A
  1. Extends hip
  2. Flexes knee
  3. Medially rotates tibia (open chain)
48
Q

Semimembranosus Nerve?

A

Sciatic Nerve (Tibial division L5, S1, S2)

49
Q

Biceps Femoris Proximal?

A

Long head: Ischial Tuberosity

Short head: Lateral lip of Linea Aspera and Supracondylar line of Femur

50
Q

Biceps Femoris Distal?

A

Lateral Head of Fibula

51
Q

Biceps Femoris Action?

A
  1. Flexes knee
  2. Extends hip (long head)
  3. Laterally rotates tibia (open chain)
52
Q

Biceps Femoris Nerve?

A

Long head: Tibial portion of Sciatic Nerve- L5, S1, S2

Short head: Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve L5, S1, S2

53
Q

Triceps Coxae?

A
  1. Superior Gemellus
  2. Obturator Internus
  3. Inferior Gemellus
54
Q

Main functions of Gluteal muscles?

A
  1. Medial and Lateral rotation
  2. Keeping you upright during gait
  3. Protecting Femoral neck
55
Q

Main functions of hamstrings?

A
  1. Flexion of leg (extend hip, flex knee)
56
Q

Boundaries of Popliteal Fossa?

A

Superolateral: Biceps Femoris
Superomedial: Semimembranosus
Inferolateral: Lateral head of Gastrocnemius
Inferomedial: Medial head of Gastrocnemius
Floor: Popliteal Femur, posterior knee joint capsule, Popliteus Fascia
Roof: skin and Popliteal fascia

57
Q

Contents of Popliteal Fossa?

A
  1. Popliteal Artery and Vein (continuation of Femoral)
  2. Tibial and Common Fibular Nerve (continuation of Sciatic)
  3. Small Saphenous Vein
58
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament attachments?

A

Ischial tuberosity to sacrum

59
Q

Sacrospinous ligament attachments?

A

Ischial spine to sacrum

60
Q

Greater sciatic foramen boundaries?

A

Greater sciatic notch and sacrospinous ligament

61
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen boundaries?

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

62
Q

Purpose of sacroiliac ligament?

A

body weight transfers from spine through this ligament to pelvis into the acetabulum to the femur and through the legs

63
Q

Where is the intertrochanteric crest and line located?

A

crest- posterior

line- anterior

64
Q

Which condyle of the femur and tibia are larger?

A

medial

65
Q

T/F

The Fibula is part of the knee joint.

A

False

66
Q

Purpose of the fibrocartilage labrum?

A
  • deepens the socket
  • made of fibrocartilage
  • resists dislocation
67
Q

What is the ligamentum teres of the femur?

A
  • attaches to head of femur through acetabular fossa
  • during development there is an artery that runs through which is a branch of Obturator Artery, closes early in development
68
Q

Iliofemoral ligament?

A
  • Y ligament of Bigelow

- two heads attach from Ilium to Intertrochanteric line

69
Q

Pubofemoral ligament?

A

attaches from pubic ramus to greater trochanter

70
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament?

A

attaches ischium to greater trochanter

71
Q

Zona orbicularis?

A
  • deep fibers pass circularly around femoral neck

- bursa under neath

72
Q

Nerves of sacral plexus?

A
  • superior gluteal
  • inferior gluteal
  • nerve to piriformis
  • nerve to quadratus femoris
  • nerve to obturator internus
73
Q

Common Iliac Artery path?

A
  • Branch of Descending Aorta
  • Branches into Internal and External Iliac
  1. Internal Iliac:
    - Superior Gluteal
    - Inferior Gluteal
    - Internal Pudendal
  2. External Iliac:
    - turns into Femoral
74
Q

Pudendal Artery path?

A
  • artery and nerve exit greater sciatic foramen
  • wrap around sacrospinous ligament
  • re enter through lesser sciatic foramen
75
Q

Branches of Femoral Artery?

A
  1. Deep Femoral
  2. Medial Circumflex
  3. Lateral Circumflex
76
Q

Risk of femoral neck fracture?

A
  • lose blood supply of Medial Circumflex to femoral head
  • lose articular cartilage in joint
  • avascular necrosis
  • osteoporosis in joint
77
Q

Biomechanics of gluteal muscle action on femoral neck?

A
  • Tension force on superior femoral neck, compression on inferior (bone stronger under compression)
  • Gluteus Medius compresses top of neck and creates more compression on bottom to relieve tension stress on top
  • more cortical bone forms on inferior femoral neck
78
Q

Purpose of Small Saphenous Vein?

A

drain posterior area of lower leg

79
Q

What is contained in greater sciatic foramen?

A

Piriformis

Anatomy (12 decks)

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