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Yr3 Anatomy > Repro - Differneces between sex > Flashcards

Repro - Differneces between sex Flashcards

1
Q

What bony landmarks make up the pelvic inlet?

A 
Promontory of the sacrum
Ala of the sacrum
Arcuate line of the ileum
Pecten Pubis 
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
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2
Q

How do you tell a male from female pelvis?

A

Mens are:

  • Heavier & Thicker
  • Taller and narrower
  • Smaller pelvic outlet relative to pelvic size
  • Narrow sub-pubic angle
  • Round rather than oval obturator foraman
  • Heart shaped inlet (Rather than round)
  • Larger acetabulum
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3
Q

What bony landmarks make up the pelvic outlet?

A

Pubic symphysis
Inferior rami of pubis
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Tip of coccyx

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4
Q

What is the true and false pelvis?

A

lesser or true pelvis is below the pelvic inlet, greater or false is above.

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5
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial Plane

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6
Q

What of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary Cartilaginous

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7
Q

What forms the anterior inferior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Bodies and rami of the pubic bones & pubic symphysis

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8
Q

What forms the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Obturator internus

Piriformis

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9
Q

What spaces are formed by the obturator internus?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

Lesser Sciatic foramen

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10
Q

What muscle forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Piriformis

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11
Q

What nerve network sits on the piriformis?

A

Sacral Plexus (S1-4)

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12
Q

What muscles form the pelvic floor?

A

LEvator Ani

Posteriorly –> Coccygeus

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13
Q

Levator Ani is muscle group, what are its constituent parts?

A

Ant-Post:

  • Puborectalis
  • Pubococcygeous
  • Iliococcygeous
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14
Q

What is the anocccygeal body?

A

Mass of fibromusclar tissue where the LEvator ani meet in the middle, posterior to the anus

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15
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

A mass of fibromuscular tissue between vaginal & anal openings of the pelvic floor.
Many muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor attach here including the levator ani

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16
Q

Whats the function of the pelvic floor/diaphragm?

A

To maintain continence

Support pelvic viscera

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17
Q

Describe the innervation of the pelvic floor/diaphragm?

A

Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)

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18
Q

Define cystoceole and rectocoele?

A

Hernitation of bladder or rectum into the vaginal due to weakening of the wall

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19
Q

Why do an episiotomy, and why do a mediolateral over a midline?

A

To make a difficult delivery easier and prevent tearing/rupturing.

Mediolateral is less like to become contaminated (Further from anus) and less likely to involve the anus or rectum

20
Q

Where does the blood supply to the pelvic organs come from?

A

The internal iliac arteries

More detailed blood vessels can be found in the workbook

21
Q

What arteries supply the bladder, seminal gland an prostate of men?

A

Superior and inferior vesicle arteries

22
Q

Where do the Sup and Inf Vesicle arteries originate?

A

Sup from Umbilical Art

Inf from the internal Iliac

23
Q

What artery supplys blood to the uterus and where does it originate?

A

Uterine Art

From the internal iliac

24
Q

What artery supplies blood tot he rectum?

A

Sup rectal Art - from Inf Mesenteric

Middle & Inf rectal art - From Internal Iliac

25
Q

What artery supplies the vagina & base of bladder in women?

A

Vaginal Artery, sourced from uterine artery

26
Q

What artery supplies the perineum and where does it come from?

A

The Internal Pudendal Art. Its a branch of the Internal Iliac

27
Q

What does the obturator artery supply and where does it originate?

A
  • Obturator internus
  • Femur
  • Medial compartment of the thigh

Internal Iliac

28
Q

What veins drain the pelvic structures?

A
  • Internal Iliac
  • Rectal veins
  • Median Sacral
  • Gonadal
  • Internal Vertebral Venous plexus
29
Q

Where do the rectal veins drain to?

A

Sup drains to the portal circulation

The Middle/inf drain to the systemic circulation

30
Q

How might cirrhosis affect the rectal venous system?

A

Cirrhosis can lead to portal hypertension

This can cause rectal varices due to the superior rectal vein draining into the portal system

31
Q

The prostatic venous plexus drains the prostate, where does it communicate on its posterior side?

A

With the vesicle plexuses

32
Q

What are the primary somatic nerves supplying the pelvis?

A

L1 –> Ilioinguinal Nerve
L1/2 –> Genitofemoral Nerve
Sacral Plexus S2/3/4 –> Pudendal Nerve

33
Q

Where does the illioinguinal nerve travel?

A

L1 -> Superficial Inguinal Ring

Then supplies the skin at root of penis and labia

34
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve travel?

A

L1-2 –> Deep Inguinal Ring

Then supplies Scrotal skin, cremaster muscle and dartos fascia in men

35
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve travel?

A

Follows the course of the pudendal artery.

It travels from pelvis to perineum via the gluteal region

36
Q

Where does the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis originate?

A

L1-2 and travels via the hypogastric plexus

37
Q

What does the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis actually supply?

A

Goes via hypogastric plexus to:

  • Vas deferens
  • Seminal Vesicles
  • Prostate
  • Epididymis

In women it supplies the female genital tract via the pelvic and ovarian plexuses

38
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis originate?

A

S2-4

39
Q

What does the parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis actually supply?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-4) supply the female genital tract

Parasympathetic fibres (S2-4) go through hypogastric plexus to innervate erectile tissue in men & women.

40
Q

List the erectile tissues in both genders?

A

Corpus Cavernosa of the penis
Clitoris
Vestibular bulbs in both genders

41
Q

What are the 4 main lymph node groups draining the pelvis?

A
  • External Iliac
  • Internal Iliac
  • Sacral
  • Common Iliac
42
Q

What structures drain to the external iliac nodes?

A 
Abdominal Wall
Glans penis/clitoris
Membranous urethra
Prostate
Cervix
Upper Vagina
Fundus of Bladder
43
Q

What structures drain to the internal iliac nodes?

A

Gluteal Region
Deep Perineum
Inferior Pelvic Viscera

44
Q

What structures drain to the sacral nodes?

A

Rectum

Posterior Wall of pelvis

45
Q

What structures drain to the common iliac nodes?

A

Drains from the external, internal and sacral lymph nodes

Yr3 Anatomy (11 decks)

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