7.14 Abdominal Complaints

Question 1

Bladder distention is a sign of what?

Answer 1

Urethral obstruction

Question 2

This condition causes frequent, urgent urination. Other symptoms include dysuria, nocturia, fever, chills, low back pain, and myalgia.

Answer 2

Prostatitis

Question 3

Colicky Pain, NV, Constipation, abdominal distention.

Vomitus begins as gastric juice and bile; eventually contains ileal fecal contents.

Answer 3

Small Intestine Obstruction

Question 4

• NVD, abdominal discomfort.

- Fever, malaise, hyperactive bowel sounds.

Answer 4

Gastroenteritis

Question 5

Bloody vomitus

Answer 5

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 6

• Large volume of bright red blood in the vomit may result from this
• Constitutes a life-threatening medical emergency.

Answer 6

Esophagel varicies (enlarged veins)

Question 7

A physiological intestinal obstruction usually effects the small bowel and occurs most commonly after abdominal surgery or use of anticholinergic medications.

Signs: Severe abdominal distention, vomiting.

Answer 7

Paralytic ileus

Question 8

May occur with narcotic use, poor dietary habits, sluggish bowel function. NV may begin after several days.

Answer 8

CONSTIPATION.

Question 9

Sudden, diffuse abdominal pain usually most intense over the area of underlying problem.

Intestinal motility decreases, paralytic ileus develops.

Weakness, pallor, sweating, cold skin, from loss of fluid & electrolytes

Answer 9

Peritonitis

Question 10

Colicky pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distention.

May also complain of drowsiness, intense thirst, malaise, aching.

Bowel sounds = hyperactive with a rushing sound.

Answer 10

Intestinal obstruction

Question 11

Steady epigastric pain centers close to the umbilicus and radiates between the tenth thoracic and 6th lumbar vertebrae.

Pain is unrelieved by vomiting.

Severe attacks produce extreme pain, persistant vomiting and abdominal rigidity.

Answer 11

Pancreatitis

Question 12

Recurrent LLQ pain accompanied by alternating constipation and diarrhea. Pain usually abates after defecation or passage of flatus. May have mild nausea, low-grade fever.

Answer 12

Diverticulitis

Question 13

Localized midepigastric pain with heartburn.

Develops 2 hours or more after meals. Eating may relieve the pain.

Answer 13

Peptic ulcer

Question 14

Condition produces colicky pain in the RLQ with cramping, tenderness, flatulence, nausea, fever and diarrhea. May have bloody stools, complain of weight loss, weakness, fatigue.

Answer 14

Chrohn’s Disease.

Question 15

Beginning as RUQ or periumbilical pain, localizes in the RLQ. Palpation reveals a rigid, board-like abdominal wall and rebound tenderness.

Diarrhea, fever and tachycardia develop later.

Answer 15

Appendicitis

Question 16

Acute abdominal pain in the RUQ, occasionally radiating to the back- pain usually develops after a meal rich in fats- may occur at night, awakening the pt from sleep- may complain of belching. gassiness, sweating, vomiting, and clay-colored stools- Jaundice will occur if the bile duct is blocked.

Answer 16

Cholecystitis

Question 17

Bleeding by irritating the urethral wall- occurs at the beginning of urination.

Also nausea, vomiting.

Answer 17

Renal Calculi

Question 18

Infection that affects the renal pelvis and parenchyma- complaints of severe flank pain, shaking chills, fever, and tachycardia.

Answer 18

Pyelonephritis

Question 19

Infection by anaerobic or aerobic organisms-Fever and a purulent vaginal discharge are usually present.

Answer 19

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Question 20

Rapid onset of sharp, lower abdominal pain, occasionally radiating to the shoulders and neck. Commonly, the pain begins after an activity that increases abdominal pressure, such as a bowel movement.

Answer 20

Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy

Question 21

Characterized by constant pain in the lower abdomen, vagina, posterior pelvis, and back, endometriosis usually begins 5 to 7 days before menses peaks, and lasts for 2 - 3 days.

Answer 21

Endometriosis

Question 22

Ascites from portal congestion may be severe enough to impair breathing.-abdominal distention accompanies jaundice, lethargy, mental status changes, asterixis, coagulopathies, pruritus, dependent edema, and enlarged superficial abdominal veins.

Answer 22

Cirrhosis

Question 23

Ascites occurs in advanced disease- complain of dyspepsia, urinary frequency, constipation, pelvic discomfort, and weight loss.

Answer 23

Ovarian Cancer

Question 24

Accompanied by tinkling bowel sounds. Diarrhea may develop from liquid stool being forced around the fecal blockage.

Answer 24

Fecal impaction

Question 25

A protrusion of intestine through the abdominal wall, a hernia may disappear momentarily when pressed back into the abdominal wall. If the section of intestine becomes strangulated, pt will complain of pain and possibly anorexia and vomiting.

Answer 25

Hernia

Question 26

Uniformly rounded abdomen, the umbilicus is buried deeply in the abdominal wall, and excessive fat occurs in other body areas.

Answer 26

Obesity

Question 27

Signs include loss of sphincter control or an urgent need to defecate upon arising in the morning, blood or mucus in the stool, and a sense of incomplete evacuation.

Answer 27

Colorectalcancer

Question 28

Injury can cause loss of sphincter control and lead to incontinence.

Answer 28

Sphincter Trauma

Question 29

Known by a protrusion of the rectal mucosa through the anus- may also complain of a persistent sensation of rectal fullness, bloody diarrhea, and pain in the lower abdomen from ulceration.

Answer 29

Rectal prolapse

Question 30

Compression affecting the lumbar or sacral area may cause loss of bowel control.

Answer 30

Spinal Cord Prolapse

Question 31

Urine leakage results from physical strain, such as sneezing, coughing, or quick movements (stress incontinence).

Answer 31

Muscle weakness

Question 32

Retention causes dribbling because the distended bladder can’t contract strongly enough to force a urine stream (overflow incontinence). The bladder will be distended on palpation.

Answer 32

Urinary retention

Question 33

These meds can cause bladder distention, which may result in incontinence from overflow or from weak muscles unaccustomed to a full bladder.

Answer 33

Diuretic medication

Question 34

Urinary incontinence accompanies purulent vaginal or penile discharge and dysuria.

Answer 34

Gonorrhea

Question 35

Constipation may be only early sign. After several days, the pt may complain of colicky abdominal pain with spasm- abdomen will be distended, and loops of large bowel may become visible on the abdominal wall.

Answer 35

Large Intestine Obstruction

Question 36

What drug may slow bowel motility?

Answer 36

Narcotic use

Question 37

Chronic constipation. Causes include low dietary fiber, chronic laxative or enema use, poor hydration, and a sedentary lifestyle. The pt complains of mild abdominal discomfort and of having to strain to produce hard, dry stool.

Answer 37

Inactive colon

Question 38

Recurrent bloody diarrhea with mucous- intermittent asymptomatic remissions-spastic rectum and anus, abdominal pain, irritability, weight loss, weakness, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.

Answer 38

Ulcerative colitis

Question 39

Increases urinary frequency and decreases the amount voided each time. Other symptoms include dysuria, cramps or spasm of the bladder, nocturia, and a feeling of warmth or burning during urination. Urine typically will be cloudy or may have a foul odor. In older people, confusion may be the first sign of a UTI.

Answer 39

UTI

Question 40

Increases urinary frequency and decreases the amount voided each time.

Answer 40

Urethral obstruction

Question 41

Pain occurs after urination- due to dehydration, infection, and urinary stasis.

Answer 41

Bladder Calculus

Question 42

complain of colicky abdominal pain, palpable mass – smoking increases risk

Answer 42

Renal cell carcinoma (85% of all renal tumors)

Question 43

hematuria continuous during urination.

Answer 43

Trauma or injury to the kidney

Question 44

Low platelet count -continuous during urination.

Answer 44

Thrombocytopenia

Question 45

Irritation and bleeding of the bladder wall- bleeding at the end of urination.

Answer 45

Bladder infection

Question 46

Continuous during urination.-history of streptococcal infection of sore throat.

Answer 46

Glomerulonephritis

Question 47

Spontaneous bleeding in the urinary tract.

Answer 47

Anticoagulation medications

Question 48

Can cause hematuria without underlying urinary pathology

Answer 48

Smoking

Question 49

Intermittent bleeding with defecation. Bleeding from first-degree hemorrhoids appears on stool or toilet paper. Prolapsed, second-degree hemorrhoids usually return to the anal canal spontaneously after defecation. Third-degree hemorrhoids cause constant and prolapse in response to any increase in intraabdominal pressure.

Answer 49

Hemmorrhoids

Question 50

Abscesses and fissures result from abrasions or tears in the lining of the anal canal and subsequent E. coli infection.-may result from treatment of internal hemorrhoids, enemas, anal sex, or insertion of foreign objects.

Answer 50

Anorectal abscess or fisure

Question 51

Blood in the stool. Frank blood indicates a lower GI source of bleeding. Black, tarry guaiac-positive stools indicate a source of bleeding higher in the intestinal tract.

Answer 51

Lower GI bleeding

Question 52

Characterized by excessive straining and the inability to completely evacuate the bowel. Pain, bleeding, and pruritus ani are other signs. Scarring after surgery, inflammation, or laxative abuse may cause anorectal strictures.

Answer 52

Anorectal stricture

Question 53

Polyps high in the rectum leave a streak of blood on the stool. Low rectal polyps bleed freely.

Answer 53

Rectyl polyps

Question 54

Urgent need to defecate upon arising, and blood or mucus in the stool.

Answer 54

Colorectal cancer

Question 55

What would you assess if you found Hematuria? (3) May be the first sign of _____.

Answer 55

- Assess the skin for signs of bruising or petechiae. - Assess the abdominal wall for signs of recent trauma. - - Palpate the abdomen for an abdominal mass. *Hematuria may be the first sign of renal cell carcinoma.