Lecture 9

Question 1

Where do the left and right subclavian arteries arise from?

Answer 1

Left Subclavian: direct branch from aortic arch

Right Subclavian: branch from brachiocephalic artery

Question 2

What are the 3 divisions of the subclavian arteries in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 2

Part 1 is medial to the anterior scalene
Part 2 is posterior to the anterior scalene
Part 3 is lateral to the anterior scalene

Question 3

Branches of Part 1 of subclavian artery

Answer 3

Internal thoracic, vertebral, thyrocervical arterial trunk

Question 4

Branches of thyrocervical arterial trunk

Answer 4

Transverse cervical, inferior thyroid, ascending cervical, suprascapular

Question 5

Branches of Part 2 of subclavian artery

Answer 5

Costocervical trunk, which branches into supreme intercostal and deep cervical arteries

Question 6

Where does the subclavian artery run/pass through?

Answer 6

Runs across subclavian groove behind anterior scalene muscle, passes between first rib and clavicle; renamed axillary artery at the lateral/inferior border of the first rib

Question 7

What are the 3 divisions of the axillary artery in relation to the pectoralis minor muscle?

Answer 7

First part superior to muscle
Second part deep to muscle
Third part inferior to muscle

Question 8

What does the superior thoracic artery supply (First part of axillary artery)?

Answer 8

Posterior aspects of intercostal spaces 1 and 2 and part of serratus anterior

Question 9

Where does the vertebral artery run/pass through?

Answer 9

Through transverse foramina, through foramen magnum, unites with opposite vertebral artery to form basilar artery

Question 10

Where does the suprascapular artery run/pass through?

Answer 10

Between sternomastoid and anterior scalene, over suprascapular ligament, to supraspinous fossa, through spinoglenoid notch, to infraspinous fossa

Question 11

Where does the transverse cervical artery run/pass through and what does it supply?

Answer 11

Anterior to scalenus anterior, runs with CN IX; supplies rhomboids

Question 12

What are the branches of the second part of the axillary artery?

Answer 12

Thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic artery

Question 13

What are the branches of the thoracoacromial trunk?

Answer 13

Pectoral branch, deltoid branch, acromial branch, clavicular branch

Question 14

Where does the lateral thoracic artery run/pass through and what does it supply?

Answer 14

Extends along lateral side of pectoralis minor; supplies part of pectoral muscles, lymph nodes, and breast

Question 15

Where does the posterior circumflex humeral artery run/pass through and what does it supply (Third part of axillary artery)?

Answer 15

Encircles posterior aspect of surgical neck of humerus, turns into the anterior circumflex humeral, runs with the axillary nerve; supplies deltoid and triceps muscles and part of contents of quadrilateral space

Question 16

What are the branches of the third part of the axillary artery?

Answer 16

Posterior circumflex humeral, anterior circumflex humeral, and subscapular

Question 17

What are the branches of the subscapular artery?

Answer 17

Thoracodorsal artery (latissimus dorsi muscle) and circumflex scapular

Question 18

What are the anastomosing arterial branches arising from the subclavian and axillary arteries around the scapula?

Answer 18

Suprascapular, dorsal scapular, posterior intercostal, circumflex scapular, and thoracodorsal

Question 19

Where does the brachial artery run/pass through and what does it branch into?

Answer 19

Runs medial to median nerve in upper part of arm, lateral to median nerve in lower part of arm, deep to bicipital aponeurosis lateral to median nerve and medial to bicipital tendon; branches into radial and ulnar arteries

Question 20

What are the branches of the brachial artery?

Answer 20

Deep brachial, nutrient humeral, and superior ulnar collateral

Question 21

Where does the deep brachial artery run/pass through, what does it branch into, and what does it supply?

Answer 21

Wraps around posterior surface of humerus, runs in radial groove with radial nerve; branches into ascending branch to posterior circumflex humeral artery and descending branch becomes radial collateral; supplies posterior compartment of brachium; anastomoses with radial recurrent

Question 22

Where does the superior ulnar collateral artery run/pass through?

Answer 22

Runs with ulnar nerve, passes posterior to medial epicondyle, and anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent artery

Question 23

Where does the cephalic vein run/pass through and what vein does it receive blood from?

Answer 23

Runs along lateral side of antebrachium in superficial fascia, lateral side of brachium in superficial fascia, through deltopectoral triangle, pierces clavipectoral fascia and dumps into axillary vein; receives blood from median vein near the level of the elbow

Question 24

Where does the basilic vein run/pass through, what vein does it receive blood from and what vein does it join with?

Answer 24

Runs along medial side of antebrachium, runs in deep fascia along medial side of brachium; receives blood from median cubital vein; joins with venae comitantes to form axillary vein

Question 25

Where is the median cubital vein located and what is it useful for?

Answer 25

Superficial to bicipital aponeurosis; useful site for venipuncture

Question 26

What forms the axillary vein?

Answer 26

Formed by union of basilic vein and venae comitantes; renamed subclavian vein after it passes under clavicle

Question 27

What does the subclavian vein form?

Answer 27

Forms brachiocephalic vein along with jugular veins

Question 28

What do each of the brachiocephalic veins come together to form?

Answer 28

Superior vena cava

Question 29

Lateral Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 29

Follow cephalic vein to chain of nodes in deltapectoral groove to axillary nodes

Question 30

Medial Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 30

Flow to epitrochlear nodes to axillary nodes

Question 31

Where are the brachial lymph nodes located?

Answer 31

Medial to humerus near axillary artery and vein

Question 32

Where are the pectoral lymph nodes located?

Answer 32

Behind pectoralis minor with lateral thoracic artery and drain mammary gland

Question 33

Where are the subscapular lymph nodes located?

Answer 33

Along lower border of scapula with subscapular artery and drain the back

Question 34

Where are the central lymph nodes located?

Answer 34

In axillary fat; receive lymph from brachial, pectoral, and subscapular nodes and drain into apical nodes behind the clavicle

Question 35

Where are the apical lymph nodes located?

Answer 35

Behind the clavicle