Renal Tumors

Question 1

Angiomyolipoma in the kidney is the most common benign tumor as is mostly sporadic, BUT can be see in patients with ___________

Answer 1

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 2

Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the renal ________________ cells

Answer 2

Tubular epithelial cells

Question 3

RCC that is associated with hereditary syndromes tend to be unilateral/bilateral?

Answer 3

Bilateral with MULTIPLE tumors

Sporadic: unilateral and usually single tumor

Question 4

What are the two major types of RCC?

Answer 4

• clear cell type

- papillary type

Question 5

Papillary RCC tends to invoice chromosome _______

Answer 5

7; trisomy 7

Question 6

Which gene is involved in clear cell RCC?

Answer 6

Loss of VHL, or inactivated/mutated VHL;

Deletion on chromosome 3

VHL

Question 7

What are the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with RCC?

Answer 7

• polycythemia (EPO)
• HTN (renin)
• hypercalcemia (PTH)
• Cushing syndrome (ACTH)
• leukmoid reaction
• amyloidosis

Question 8

Urothelial carcinomas of kidney arise from the ________

Answer 8

Renal pelvis

Question 9

What are the three components of WIlm’s tumor?

Answer 9

• blastema
• stroma
• epithelial

Question 10

Predisposing factor for cystitis?

Answer 10

• females (short urethra)
• DM
• instrumentation (caheters)
• bladder calculus
• bladder outlet obstruction

Question 11

presenting symptoms of someone with cystitis?

Answer 11

• ↑ urinary frequency
• dysuria (pain on urination)
• suprapubic pain
• fever
• microhematuria

Question 12

Congenital anomalies of the bladder?

Answer 12

Extrophy

Diverticula: ouch like eversion or evagination fo the bladder wall

Urachus (persistent connection between the bladder and the umbilcus

Question 13

Malakoplakia is due to ____________

Answer 13

Defective phagocytic activity of macrophages → round Micahelis Gutmann bodies

Question 14

Micahelis Guttmann bodies are seen in what renal disease?

Answer 14

Malakoplakia; these are black dots on H&E with calcium accumulation inside them

Question 15

Malakoplakia is associated with ___________

Answer 15

Chronic interstitial cystitis

Question 16

What are some associated mutations with transitional cell carcinoma (urothelila carcinoma)

Answer 16

• p53, Rb, p16 genes

Question 17

What is the greatest risk factor for bladder cancer?

Answer 17

SMOKING

Question 18

A person working in a rubber factor or with rubber products is at higher risk for developing __________ cancer due to the compound _________

Answer 18

Bladder; naphthylamine

Question 19

What workplace exposure has an increased risk for bladder cancer?

Answer 19

Working with rubber products

Question 20

Patients with Schistosomiasis have an ↑ risk of developing

Answer 20

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

Question 21

What is the most common presentation of someone with urothelial carcinoma?

Answer 21

PAINLESS hematuria

Question 22

_______ Type of urothelial carcinoma is more commonly invasive

Answer 22

Flat;

Question 23

What are the common sites of metastatic of urothelial carcinomas?

Answer 23

Liver, lung, bone and regional nodes

Question 24

Which infection can have ↑ risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

Answer 24

Schistosoma