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ESA 3 - Head and Neck > General Organisation > Flashcards

General Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is another word for skull?

A

Cranuim

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2
Q

How many bones make up the skull?

A

22

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3
Q

What is shared by scalp and face?

A

Forehead

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4
Q

What are the two broad categories of facial muscles?

A

Facial Expression

Mastication (Chewing) so moves Jaw

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5
Q

How many muscles of mastication are there?

A

4

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6
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Medial Pteragoid
  • Lateral Pteragoid
  • Masseter
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7
Q

What nerve innervate the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve (Cranial nerve V!II) and branches of

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

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9
Q

What are the main artery and vein in face?

A

Facial artery and vein

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10
Q

What are the two main actions of muscles of facial expression?

A

Sphincters (round) - constrict

Dilators (Linear) - Pull

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11
Q

What joint do the muscles of mastication act on?

A

Temporomandibular joint

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12
Q

What are the five key extra-cranial branches of the facial (VII) nerve?

A
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Mandibular
  • Cervical

Two Zombies Bit My Cat

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13
Q

What is the relationship between the parotid gland and the facial nerve?

A

As the facial nerve passes anterio-inferiorly to the parotid, it bifurcates intoo the five major branches.

Therefore, if the parotid gland is damaged, it can cause facial paralysis.

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14
Q

What are the three main branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V) is the main sensory nerve of the face. It is also motor to muscles of mastication.

  • Ophthalmic division
  • Maxillary division
  • Mandibular division
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15
Q

What branch of trigeminal nerves gives rise to the motor function of muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular division

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16
Q

What artery is the main blood supply to head and neck?

A

Common carotid artery

17
Q

What is the facial artery a branch of?

A

Common carotid > external carotid > Facial artery

18
Q

What is the main vein draining the head and neck?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

19
Q

Where does the external jugular vein run compared to the internal jugular?

A

It runs much more superficially

20
Q

What are some key muscles of the neck?

A
  • Platysma
  • Trapezius
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Scalene muscles
  • Supra-hyoids - supplied by cranial nerves
  • Infra-hyoids (strap muscles)- supplied by cervical nerves
21
Q

Why facial planes?

A

Natural planes

Ease of movement between structures - swallowing

They restrict but also permit spread of infection

22
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Inferior margin of mandible
  • Anterior margin of SCM
  • Midline of neck
23
Q

What structures are associated with the anterior triangle?

A

Structures coursing between the head and thorax

24
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Posterior margin of SCM
  • Anterior margin of trapezius
  • Clavicle
25
Q

What structures are associated with the posterior triangle?

A

Strcutures coursing between thorax / neck and the uper limb

26
Q

What are the roles of the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Elevate the hyoid
  • Deprss the mandible
27
Q

Where are the suprahyoid muscles attatched?

A

Situated above hyoid bone

Attatch to jaw or base of skull to hyoid bone

28
Q

Where are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

They are ‘strap like’

Overlie the larynx and the thyroid gland

29
Q

What are the roles of the infrahyoids?

A

Depress and stabilise hyoid

30
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A
  • Omahyoid
  • Digastric (posterior belly)
  • Stermacleidomastoid

The contents of the carotid sheath are readily accessible here are they are not covered by SCM

31
Q

Why are deep neck spaces important to know about as doctors?

A

Because infections within these spaces can occur and they can spread.

For example, a retropharyngeal abscess can potentially spead into the mediastinum and cause mediastinitus.

ESA 3 - Head and Neck (20 decks)

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