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Geography > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

Define development

A

A countries use of resources, natural and human, to achieve higher standards of living

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2
Q

What was development once solely based on

A

Economic factors

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3
Q

What does development now encompass

A

Social measures such as freedom

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4
Q

What is the development gap

A

The difference between more developed and less developed countries

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5
Q

What would it make the planet become if the development gap was reduced

A

More equal

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6
Q

What is happening to the development gap

A

It is expanding. Developed countries are getting richer and less developed countries are staying stationary

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7
Q

What measures development

A

Key development indicators

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8
Q

What two categories are KDIs broken up into

A

Economic and social

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9
Q

Name 6 social KDIs

A

Life expectancy, literacy rate, infant mortality, death rate, birth rate and human development index

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10
Q

Name an economic KDI

A

GNI per head

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11
Q

What is the human development index made up of

A

GNI index, Life expectancy and Education Index

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12
Q

What is HDI measured between

A

0 and 1, with 1 being more developed

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13
Q

What is the demographic transition model

A

A special model to show how the population changes as countries become more developed

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14
Q

What is a population pyramid

A

A type of bad graph used to show the age and gender structure of a country

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15
Q

Name 9 causes of under development

A 
Colonialism 
Slavery
Debt
Lack of fair trade 
Disease
Lack of education 
Conflict 
Climate
Natural disasters
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16
Q

What was colonialism

A

The idea to gain superiority by accessing raw materials and labour

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17
Q

What is fair trade

A

Paying fair money for crops, and an extra 15% goes to community work for development

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18
Q

What is political corruption

A

Personal gain instead of being in the country’s best interests

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19
Q

What leads to corruption

A

LICS and NEES becoming rich very quickly and spending it greedily or on unneeded things

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20
Q

What can corruption cause

A

Civil wars

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21
Q

What is the Gini coefficient

A

It shows us how developed a country is depending on who has control of the money

22
Q

What is the gini coefficient measured between

A

0 and 1, 1 being a dictatorship

23
Q

Name 3 types of aid

A

Bilateral, multilateral and voluntary

24
Q

Define bilateral aid

A

Money or resources from a rich to a poor country but with conditions

25
Q

Define multilateral aid

A

Rich countries give money to organisations such as the world bank who then distribute it

26
Q

Define voluntary aid

A

Donated to charities by the public and then given to poorer countries

27
Q

What is migration

A

The movement of people from one place to another

28
Q

What is emigration

A

Leaving a country

29
Q

What is immigration

A

Entering a country

30
Q

Describe Nigeria’s position on the planet

A

Coastal, with river niger flowing through. Tropical country with many countries bordering it

31
Q

Why is Nigeria in a central position for trading

A

It has the America’s on the right side and can send produce to Europe

32
Q

When was Nigeria he world 21st biggest economy

A

2014

33
Q

What percentage of the worlds oil does it supply

A

2.7%

34
Q

What is very big in Nigeria

A

Media

35
Q

What are some problems with Nigeria

A

Corruption, poor infrastructure and power cuts

36
Q

How many people live in Nigeria

A

184 million

37
Q

How can manufacturing stimulate the economy

A

Local firms provide refinery’s with components, locals earn more money from jobs, locals spend more money in local businesses, government up taxes, government spend the money on improving infrastructure which brings in more TNCs

38
Q

What is a trans national corporation

A

A company that has operations in more than one country

39
Q

Name 5 positives of tncs

A

Employment, brings money, education, better infrastructure and investment

40
Q

Name 5 negatives of TNCs

A

Exploitation, cheap laws, environment destroyed, well payed jobs already taken, bad pay

41
Q

What is dirty oil

A

Selling stolen oil on the black market

42
Q

How do they fuel the refines in illegal refineries

A

Using waste products from previous refines

43
Q

What was the amnesty programme

A

A programme put in place to help those in poverty

44
Q

Where are the illegal refineries ran

A

On the delta

45
Q

What do the military do when they find the illegal refineries

A

Destroy and burn everything, which causes unnecessary amounts of pollution

46
Q

How many barrels of oil were made a day when the amnesty programme was in place

A

2.5 million

47
Q

How many barrels of oil were made without the amnesty in place

A

1.85 million a day

48
Q

Name a rebel group

A

Niger Delta Avengers

49
Q

What do the Niger delta avengers do

A

Cause problems as they believe their future isn’t in oil

50
Q

What are loans

A

Sums of money that at some time in the future have to be paid back with interest

51
Q

What is aid

A

Gifts of money, goods, food, machinery technology or trained workers. The aim is to raise the standards of living

52
Q

If a country needs funds for development projects what do they do

A

They can borrow money from other countries, world financial organisation or international banks

Geography (7 decks)

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