Biochemistry I & II

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

there are energy-consuming steps in some ________ pathways

Answer 6

catabolic

Question 7

Metabolism is?

Answer 7

all the reactions taking place in the body, divided into Catabolism & Anabolism

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Active ______ cells (for example) use ATP at a _____ rate

Answer 9

muscle

high

Question 10

Exergonic reactions:

Reactions in which the total free energy of the product(s) is _____ than the total free energy of the reactant(s)

So the free energy change

ΔG = (energy of the products) – (energy of the reactants)

is __________.

Such reactions can occur ____________

The energy liberated can be used to ________

Answer 10

less

negative

spontaneously

do work

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the major classes of Biomolecules?

Answer 17

Peptides and proteins (consist of amino acids)

Lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids)

Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)

Carbohydrates (mono-, di-, polysaccharides)

Question 18

Metabolism = ___________________

Answer 18

catabolism + anabolism

Question 19

what is Electronegativity?

Answer 19

the attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electrons

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

What are some functions of Biomolecules?

Answer 24

Information storage (DNA)

Structural (teeth, bones, cartilage)

Energy generation (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain)

Energy currency/storage (ATP)

Recognition/communication/specificity (receptors, hormones, enzymes)

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Endergonic reactions:

Reactions in which the total free energy of the product(s) is _____ than the total free energy of the reactant(s)

So the free energy change

ΔG = (energy of the products) – (energy of the reactants)

is __________.

Such reactions cannot occur ____________

They need an ______ of energy to proceed

Answer 27

more

positive

spontaneously

input

Question 28

Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds which leads to ___________ form

Answer 28

tetrahedral

Question 29

Active muscle cells must _________ ATP

e.g. using _____________

standard free energy of hydrolysis = __________

e.g. using 2 ADP ↔ ATP + AMP

Answer 29

regenerate

creatine phosphate

-43 kJ/mol

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

(T is the temperature in K)

Answer 31

Free energy change:

ΔG = (energy of the products) – (energy of the reactants)

Question 32

Catabolism is?

Answer 32

breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones and releasing energy

Question 33

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 33

When energy is converted from one form to another, some of that energy becomes unavailable to do work

Question 34

Cells do not store large amounts of _____

concentrations < ________

Answer 34

ATP

10 mM

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Anabolism is?

Answer 36

synthesizing complex molecules out of smaller ones in energy-consuming reactions

Question 37

Carbon can also form bonds with Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen atoms which leads to __________

Answer 37

variability

Question 38

First law of thermodynamics?

Answer 38

Energy is neither created nor destroyed