Exam 1

Question 1

1)Who devised a scientific naming system of plants and when? Who was he and where was he from? (See glossary).

Answer 1

Carolus Linnaeus, Sweden, botanist, scholar, naturalist, and explorer

Question 2

3)What is a binomial naming system

Answer 2

A two word method if identifying plants developed by Linnaeus! “binomial naming system A concise, Latin or Latin-based two- word method of identifying and naming plants; each plant has a two-word name that quickly identifies it. See genus, species, and scientiic name.”

Question 3

4)Why is Latin or the Latin-based name used?

Answer 3

Also known as the botanical name and is also the scientific name “Latin name The universal or scientific name of a plant. See scientific name, genus, and species.”

Question 4

botanical name

Answer 4

“The two-part Latin name given to plants and lowers, consisting of the genus and species name. See scientiic name.”

Question 5

scientific name

Answer 5

“The universal name of a plant; although plants are generally derived from Latin words, they may also be derived from Greek or personal names, as well as Latinized from other languages. Plants were irst given scientiic names in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when Latin was a common language to establish a method of identifying plants and distinguishing them one from another. Today, the two-part Latin name of genus and spe- cies is a universal name and forms a method of communica- tion between nations and at all levels of the loral industry for identifying a plant; also called the Latin name, botanical name, and universal name. See genus and species.”

Question 6

Genus

Answer 6

“The taxonomic group between family and species that includes one or more species that have cer- tain characteristics in common; the irst name, a general or generic name of the plant, is written in italics with an initial capital letter. See scientiic name and species.”

Question 7

Species

Answer 7

“A speciic kind of organism; the second name of the designated binomial name, listed after the genus name, it is the specific epithet or precise description; species names are written in italics, lower case, and never capitalized.”

Question 8

hybrid

Answer 8

“A plant variety produced from a cross (offspring) between two plants with different genetic elements. An intergeneric hybrid is a cross between species of two or more genera. An interspeciic hybrid is a cross between two species of the same genus. The symbol X indicates hybridity.”

Question 9

Cultivar

Answer 9

“A form of a species or hybrid selected either in the wild or in cultivation; cultivated varieties are created to form stronger plants, resistance to diseases, taller stems, bigger and showier lowers, more colors, etc. Cultivar names are not italicized, but the irst letter of each word is capitalized and the name is placed between single inverted commas.”

Question 10

taxonomic botanist

Answer 10

“One who identiies, classiies, and names plants and continues to provide a stable method of identiication. The naming of plants is governed by The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and today’s use of DNA sequencing is providing a more consistent and reliable picture of the relationships between plants.”

Question 11

5-1)What is senescence in cut flowers?

Answer 11

Senescence-“The aging process resulting in wilting and death of a cut lower, foliage, or plant.”

Question 12

5-2)What is postharvest physiology?

Answer 12

the study of the activities and processes of harvested or cut flowers and foliage

Question 13

5-3)When flowers drink in water they become “turgid” which means what?

Answer 13

Full of water, swollen, distended, referring to a cell that is firm due to intake

Question 14

5-4)What are the xylem & phloem?

Answer 14

Xylem: The water conducting tissue that carries water up the stem to the leaves and to the flower. Phloem: the food conducting tissue,

Question 15

5-5)What is the typical reason that cut flowers wilt and die prematurely?

Answer 15

Because of their inability to absorb water

Question 16

5-6)What is plugging?

Answer 16

Stem blockage that occurs blocking the food and water from getting to it, it happens because of air, debris, and healing from first cut, and the growth of microorganisms at the base of the stem

Question 17

5-7)What is transpiration?

Answer 17

Water loss- “The loss of water vapor by plant parts. Most tran- spiration occurs through stomata.”

Question 18

5-8)What are stomata?

Answer 18

Pore on the leaves that can help control how much water is lost(“The pores that occur in large numbers in the epidermis of plants (stems and leaves) and through which gaseous exchanges take place.”)

Question 19

5-9)How can transpiration be reduced?

Answer 19

Increasing the humidity of the storage space, best to keep flowers in a low temperature, high humidity, moderate air circulation

Question 20

5-10)What is respiration in cut flowers and how can the respiration rate be lowered and the use of carbohydrates slowed?

Answer 20

Respiration a vital activity in the living plant tissue and is a process that takes place in the cells, it breaks down the food and sugars resulting in the release of energy. Lower surrounding temperatures lower the respiration rate, which doesn’t allow the food to get to it quite as fast, also temps help with loss of water and production of ethylene

Question 21

5-11)What is a tropism, specifically phototropism and geotropism

Answer 21

A growth curvature caused by some external stimulus such as light or gravity. Phototropism: when it bends toward light geotropism: when they form upward sin response to gravity

Question 22

5-12)What is the “aging hormone” and what are its effects on cut flowers?

Answer 22

Ethylene-stimulates deterioration and senescence

Question 23

5-13) Ethylene gas is naturally produced by what?

Answer 23

cut flowers, fruits and vegetables, plants and foliage cigarette smoke

Question 24

25-1)Why is some foliage considered “seasonal” and is only harvested for 3 or 4 months each year?

Answer 24

Most of the time they are traditional, seasonal pieces, like fir and pine at Christmas time. They add to the color, patterns, and visual interest of the piece.

Question 25

25-3)In addition to cut foliage and leaves, what are some other plant parts (besides flowers) that are often used in floral designs? ***

Answer 25

Palm stems?

Question 26

25-4)What is the definition of “cut foliage” and what are alternative names in the floral industry for cut foliage?

Answer 26

“General term for individual leaves, leafy stems, and large woody foliage branches that are bunched and pack- aged and sold in the loral industry; also called cut greens and greenery.”

Question 27

25-5)What are “woody cuts” and what are requirements to be used in the floral industry?

Answer 27

Woody cuts or “any woody plant that is highly decorative and ornamental because of its bright flowers, patterned or unique leaves, colorful fruit, or twisted stems can be used in floral arrangements.” “woody cuts must have tall stems and quality postharvest life or vase life, and continue for several days or weeks as a beautiful branch in a floral arrange- ment.”