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Cell Biology > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What are epithelial cells?

A

Cells that cover or lone all the body surfaces, tubes and cavitiesCells that form the interfaces between different physiological fluid compartments

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2
Q

What do all epithelial cells stand on?

A

The basement membrane

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3
Q

What are tumours called if they develop from epithelial cells?

A

Carcinomas

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4
Q

What connects epithelial cells that are in intimate contact?

A

Tight junctions

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5
Q

Why do epithelial cells have to undergo rapid division?

A

Cells are being constantly lost from the surface

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6
Q

What are the three shapes of epithelial cells?

A

Columnar
Cuboidal
Squamous

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7
Q

What is the columnar shape split into?

A

Apex- next to the lumen

Base-basal part of the cell

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8
Q

What is unique about squamous epithelial cells?

A

They have the appearance of a flattened sheet

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9
Q

How can epithelial cells also be structured?

A

By stratified, more than one layer

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10
Q

What are the benefits of a single layer of epithelial cells?

A

All cells in direct contact with the lumen and BM

Quicker diffusion or absorption

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11
Q

What are the benefits of a stratified layering?

A

Greater protection from abrasion, infection or caustic content

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12
Q

What are epithelial cells called if they are in contact with the BM in a stratified system?

A

Basal

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13
Q

What are epithelial cells called if they are in contact with the lumen in a stratified system?

A

Apical

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14
Q

How can stratified cells also be arranged?

A

With a mixture of columns, cuboidal and squamous

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15
Q

Where will you find a simple squamous structure?

A

Blood vessels

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16
Q

Where will you find a simple cuboidal structure?

A

Kidney tubules

17
Q

Where will you find a simple columnar structure?

A

Gastro-intestinal tract

18
Q

Where will you find a stratified squamous structure?

A

Skin

19
Q

Where will you find a stratified cuboidal structure?

A

Reproductive system

20
Q

Where will you find a pseudostratified columnar structure?

A

Respiratory

21
Q

Where will you find a transitional structure?

A

Bladder

22
Q

What is a simple squamous epithelium structure?

A

Single layer flattened cells
Pavement-like appearance
No gaps Lines of body cavities (serous membranes)

23
Q

What is a simple columnar epithelium structure?

A

Increase in surface area for absorption
Mucus secretion to lubricate gut contentsLarge folds visible to the naked eye
Microscopic villi covered
Microvilli modifications of the apical surface of the epithelial cells

24
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Cells that intensely staining mucus released to lubricate gut contents

25
Q

What is a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium structure?

A

Found in bronchus inclusive of columnar cells, goblet cells, basal cells

26
Q

What is a stratified squamous epithelium structure?

A

Lining of oesophagus
Flattened cells that are worn off and shed from the surface, desquamation
Basal cells on the BM divide, move upwards to the surface
Protects underlying tissues from abrasion

27
Q

What is a stratified squamous keratinised epithelium structure?

A

Includes; epithelium, connective tissue, hair follicle, hyopdermis adipose tissue, apocrine sweat gland, melanocyte
Resists water loss

28
Q

What is a melanocyte cell?

A

A mature melanin forming cell

29
Q

What is a transitional epithelium bladder structure?

A

Found in bladder
Stratified epithelium- many layers thick
Basal cells lying on basement membrane
Connective tissue

30
Q

What additional feature prevents leakage of urine in a transitional eputhelium bladder cell?

A

Lots of tight junctions

31
Q

What allows epithelial cells to know what direction they are in space?

A

The basement membrane

32
Q

What are the membrane proteins of tight junctions?

A

Claudin and occludin

33
Q

What is the cytoskeleton fibre made out of in tight junctions?

A

Actin

34
Q

What movements do tight junctions allow?

A

Trans-cellular and paracellular movement

35
Q

What is trans-cellular movement?

A

Secretion

36
Q

What is paracellular movement?

A

When the tight junctions have leakage and allow molecules into the cell

37
Q

What counteracts paracellular movement?

A

Sealing strands (doubling up on tight strands

38
Q

What are the roles of tight junctions?

A

Barries- separate one compartment from another

Fences- maintain asymmetric distribution of lipids and proteins in he membranes

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Cell Biology (20 decks)

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