Lymph Nodes Of The Head And Neck

Question 1

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

Remove excess fluid from interstitial space
Proteins leak from capillary beds
They play a key role in the immune response and surveillance

Question 2

What are the functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 2

Physical filter
Phagocytise filter
Activation and proliferation in response to antigens

Question 3

What are the causes of enlarged lymph nodes?

Answer 3

Infection- the lump is tender and mobile

Malignancy- harder, tethered to a fascia layer, or non tender, rubbery, mobile and fast growing

Question 4

What is another name for a superficial cervical node?

Answer 4

Regional cervical lymph nodes

Question 5

What is another name for a deep cervical lymph node?

Answer 5

Terminal cervical lymph node

Question 6

Where are superficial lymph nodes?

Answer 6

Between the skin and the superficial fascia

Question 7

What different types of lymph nodes are there? In the head and neck?

Answer 7

Submental
Submandibular
Preauricular
Post auricular
Occipital 
Superficial cervical
Anterior cervical

Question 8

What are the deep lymph nodes in the neck?

Answer 8

Jugulodigastric
Jugular omohyoid
Supraclaviular lymph nodes

Question 9

Where does the submental lymph node drain from?

Answer 9

Leg

The tongue

Question 10

What is waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 10

Ring of lymphatic tissue around the neck

Question 11

What is important when discovering neck lumps?

Answer 11

History- age, duration, progression, associated sign and symptoms
Examination- relate to structures underlying, do they move with sticking out their tongues, palpating features

Question 12

What are the possible causes of a superficial neck lump?

Answer 12

Sebascious cyst
Dermoid cyst
Lipoma
Skin abscess

Question 13

What are inflammatory causes of a neck lump?

Answer 13

Tonsillitis

Mouth ulcer

Question 14

What are the congenital causes of a possible neck lumps?

Answer 14

Thyroglobulin cyst
Brachial cyst
Laryncoele
Pharyngeal pouch

Question 15

What are midline causes of neck lumps?

Answer 15

Thyroglossal duct cysts
Skin lined cyst
Thyroid gland conditions

Question 16

What are the lateral lymph nodes of the neck?

Answer 16

Submandibular gland

Brachial cyst

Question 17

What are the red flags for lymphadenopathy?

Answer 17

Persisting for more than 6 weeks
Fixed hard and irregular
Rapidly growing in size
Associated with generalised lymphadenopathy
Associated with signs such as weight loss and night sweats
Voice hoarseness or difficulty swallowing

Question 18

What would you use when investigating a neck lump?

Answer 18

An ultrasound

Question 19

How many bones are there in the skull?

Answer 19

22

Question 20

What are the holes in the skull?

Answer 20

Fossa, canals
Foramina
Fissures

Question 21

What are the two different groups of bones in the skull?

Answer 21

Neurocranium

Visceroccranium

Question 22

How many bones are there in the neurocranium?

Answer 22

• calvaria, cranial floor and cranial cavity

Question 23

How many bones are there in the viscerocranium?

Answer 23

12 bones

Question 24

What are the bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 24

Sphenoid
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal

Question 25

What are fontanelles?

Answer 25

Areas in the infant skull where the brain has not yet fused

Question 26

What is the trilaminar arrangement of the calvaria?

Answer 26

Outer compact bone surrounding deplore inner spongy bone

Question 27

What is the frontal bone?

Answer 27

Bone of forehead

Question 28

What are all the bones of the skull?

Answer 28

Frontal bone
Ethmoidal bone
2x parietal bone
Sphenoid bone
2x temporalbone
Occipital bone

Question 29

What is the Pterion?

Answer 29

It overlies the middle meningeal artery, blows to side of head can fracture pterion and cause extradural intercranial bleeding