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V - KCU - HDM {T1} - OMS1 > Introduction To The Immune System (Ch. 1) > Flashcards

Introduction To The Immune System (Ch. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Define extracellular microbes

A

Able to survive in animals by growing extracellular and being simply immersed in nutrients

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2
Q

Define intracellular microbes

A

Invade and live and replicate intracellularly within animal cells where they utilize host-cell energy sources

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3
Q

What are the primary fixed elements of the immune system

A

Bone marrow and thymus

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4
Q

What are the secondary fixed elements

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

Mucosal immune tissues

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5
Q

What are the mobile elements of the immune system

A

Immune cells and soluble humoral components

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6
Q

Define active immunity

A

A subset of adaptive immunity

Is conferred by a host response to a microbe or microbial Ags

Only one that generates immunologic memory

Ex. Vaccine

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7
Q

Define passive immunity

A

A subset of adaptive immunity

Is conferred by adoptive transfer of antibodies or T-lymphocytes specific for the microbe

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8
Q

Define innate immunity

A

1st line of defense against infection

Works rapidly
Gives rise to an acute inflammation
No memory

Specific for Ags shared by groups of related microbes and molecules produced by damage host cells

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9
Q

Define adaptive immunity

A

Take longer to develop

Highly specific

Shows memory with that remembers Ag

Very specific for microbial and nonmicrobial antigens

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10
Q

What is the first phase of immune response

A

Non-induced innate response

Comprised of skin barrier, pH, saliva

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11
Q

What is the second phase of immune response

A

Induced innate response

Phagocytosis, inflammatory mechanisms

Cytokine secretion

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12
Q

What is the last phase of the immune response

A

Induced adaptive response

B cells, T cells, and Helper T cells

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13
Q

What are the two types of phagocytes

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

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14
Q

What is the most abundant circulating WBC’s

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

Where are neutrophils produced

A

BM

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16
Q

What doe mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils have in common

A
  1. Play roles in innate and adaptive immunity

2. Have granules filled with inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators

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17
Q

Mature monocytes enter what and then migrate to where

A

Enter blood and then migrate to tissues and mature into macrophages

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18
Q

Define tissue-resident macrophages

A

Hetrogeneous population of immune cells that fulfill tissue-specific and niche-specific functions

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19
Q

Define Dendritic Cells. What is their function? What do they induce?

A

Cells of innate immunity

Are antigen presenting cells, capture microbe and stimulate T cells to induce adaptive immunity

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20
Q

When T cells are Ag stimulated, they give rise to what

A

Cellular immunity

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21
Q

B cells give rise to what? Also define this

A

Humoral immunity - provides soluble molecules (immunglobins)

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22
Q

T cells work in conjunction with what cells

A

Ag-Presenting cells (DC’s)

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23
Q

What is the purpose of cellular immunity

A

To kill infected Host cells

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24
Q

Define humoral adaptive immunity. What is this the principle defense mechanism against

A

Mediated by antibodies in the blood which are produced by B cells

Extracellular microbes

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25
Q

Three main properties of adaptive immunity

A

Allows immune system to respond to large number of Ags

Increases the ability to combat repeat infections

Increases number of Ag-Specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes

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26
Q

Each B cell and T cell has a receptor for what?

A

A specific Ag that are generated by gene rearrangement from multiple germlines

27
Q

What happens when Ag is induced into an individual?

A

Lymphocytes with receptors for this Ag seek out and bind Ag and are triggered to proliferate and differentiate, giving rise to clones of cells specific for the Ag

28
Q

What do B cells do in humoral adaptive immunity

A

B cells secrete Abs that prevent infections and eliminate extracellular microbes

29
Q

What do T Helper cells do in CMI

A

Recognize Ags on DC’s and secrete cytokines which Activate macrophages to kill microbes or cytoxic lymphocytes to directly kill infected cells

30
Q

What do cytotoxic T lymphocytes do

A

Recognize Ags on infected cells and kill these cells

31
Q

What do regulatory T cells do

A

Suppress and prevent immune responses

32
Q

What is the membrane immunoglobin isotype for Naive cells

A

IgM and IgD

33
Q

What is the membrane immunoglobin isotype for activated or effector lymphocytes

A

IgG, IgA, and IgE

34
Q

What is the membrane immunoglobin isotype for memory lymphocytes

A

Same as activated

35
Q

What are the primary antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis

A

Langerhans cells

36
Q

Define CD8+ T cells and their function

A

Live exclusively in the epidermis to rapidly respond to viral infections

37
Q

Define CD4+ T cells

A

Reside in dermis and carry out a variety of effector functions

38
Q

Define lymphnodes and their functions

A

Encapsulated nodular aggregates of lymphoid tissues located along lymphatic channels in the body

Takes up Ags from tissues, processes them and uses Naive T and B cells to sample them so that the body can create the correct immune response

39
Q

Blood born Ags are captured and concentrated by what

A

Local APC’s (DC’s)

40
Q

What is more rapid, the secondary or the primary response to the Ag?

A

Secondary

41
Q

Describe what primary IgA antibodies do

A

Form together as a dimer, which can enter the lumen of the intestine to neutralize danger.

42
Q

Why do IgA antibodies form a dimer

A

Makes them resistant to proteases

43
Q

What cells bring Ag into Peyer’s patch?

A

M cells

44
Q

What are Peyer’s patch?

A

Localizations of lymphocytes within the intestinal lamina

45
Q

Define PALS within the spleen

A

PALS are periartieriolar lymphoid sheaths that have naive T cells which sample Ags to make immune response

46
Q

What does the innate immune system recognize

A

Shared structures of classes of microbes

47
Q

B cells secrete antibodies to block and eliminate what types of microbes

A

Extracellular

48
Q

T-helper cells do what three functions by releasing cytokines

A
  1. Activate macrophages
  2. Inflammation
  3. Activate B Cells
49
Q

A vaccine is what type of immunity

A

Active

50
Q

What type of cell initiates the primary immune response

A

Naive lymphocytes

51
Q

Memory lymphocytes initiate what

A

The secondary response

52
Q

DC’s capture AG’s and present them for what type of cells

A

T cells

53
Q

Macrophages do what

A

Engulf microbes and initiate some inflammation

54
Q

What do follicular dendritic cells do

A

Display antigens to B-cells in humoral immune response

55
Q

What are the only cells that produce antibodies

A

B cells

56
Q

T cells only recognize what type of Ag’s

A

Peptide based ones

57
Q

What are the two generative lymph organs

A

Bone marrow and thymus

58
Q

What is the effector form of B cells and what do they do

A

Plasma cells which secrete antibodies

59
Q

What are the two effector forms of T cells and what do they do

A

CD4 - secrete cytokines which help with B cells, macrophages, and inflamation

CD8 - kill infected host cells

60
Q

Where are FDC’s found

A

In the geminal centers of lymphoid follicles

61
Q

T cells go to where in spleen

B cells go to where

A

PALS - T cells

Follicular Zones - B Cells

62
Q

M cells do what

A

Bring Ag into laminar propinar to be destroyed in the Preyer Patch

63
Q

What tells B cells to go to follicles in LN

What tells T cells to go to Profollicular Coretx in LN

A

CXCR 5 for B cells

CCR7 for T cells

This keeps them separated until they are needed

V - KCU - HDM {T1} - OMS1 (5 decks)

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