Intro To Cranial Leture

Question 1

Who came up with Cranial?

Answer 1

Sutherland

Question 2

What are the five components of the PRM?

Answer 2

1. Inherent mobility of the brain and spinal cord
2. Fluctuation of CSF
3. Mobility of membranes
4. Mobility of cranial bones
5. Mobility of the sacrum

Question 3

What type of cell do they think is responsible for the motion of the brain and what are the two ways they think it is occurring?

Answer 3

Glial cells both having a contractile element and regulation blood flow, both contributing to motion of the brain.

Question 4

What is the Traube Hering Wave?

Answer 4

Cranial motion due to changes in blood flow velocity.

Question 5

What are the 5 motion characteristics of CRI?

Answer 5

Rate: 10-14
Rhythm: Biphasic regular
Amplitude
Direction: Longituginal and symmetric
Strength:

Question 6

What year was the cranial bowl published?

Answer 6

1939

Question 7

What year was the Osteopathic Cranial Association formed?

Answer 7

1947

Question 8

What year was the Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation established?

Answer 8

1953

Question 9

What is the Sutherland Fulcrum?

Answer 9

The axis around which the membranes move. It is located where the falx cerebri and the two parts of the tentorium cerebelli meet (in the area of the straight sinus)

Question 10

What is the Reciprocal Tension Membrane and what are the 4 components?

Answer 10

Connection between the cranium and the sacrum via the meninges and the spinal cord. 
Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium Cerebelli
Spinal Dura

Question 11

What is the purpose of this Reciprocal Tension Membrane?

Answer 11

Attaches to the cranial bones and holds it under constant tension to allow for change of shape without really changing the volume of the vault. Basically, it allows but limits motion.

Question 12

What type of fulcrum is the Sutherland fulcrum and explain what it means?

Answer 12

Suspended, automatic, and shifting fulcrum.

Question 13

What kind of joint is the SBS?

Answer 13

Synchondrosis

Question 14

Which sacral axis deals with the PRM and where exactly is it found?

Answer 14

Superior transverse axis found at S2.

Question 15

Where does the inferior sagittal and superior sagittal sinuses drain?

Answer 15

Superior goes to confluence and inferior goes to straight. Both end up in confluence though. Then transverse sinus, then sigmoid sinus, and into the internal jugular vein.

Question 16

Where do the occipital sinus and petrosal sinus drain?

Answer 16

Sigmoid sinus

Question 17

What does SBS stand for and what is it?

Answer 17

Sphenobasilar symphysis. This is where the basiocciput and basisphenoid meet to make a synchondrosis.

Question 18

How would you summarize Moskalenko’s research?

Answer 18

Interaction between intracranial hemodynamics and CSF circulation. He found changes in cranial dimensions as a rate.