Complications of Pregnancy 1 Flashcards
What are the different types of spontaneous miscarriage?
1 - Threatened
2 - Inevitable
3 - Incomplete
4 - Complete
5 - Septic
6 - Missed
How is antepartum haemorrhage (APH) defined?
- Bleeding from the genital tract after 24th week of pregnancy but before delivery of baby
What are the signs of a threatened miscarriage?
Vaginal bleeding
Closed cervix
What are the signs of an inevitable miscarriage?
Open cervix
Bleeding
What is a common complication of incomplete miscarriages (when some of fetal membranes are left behind)?
Septic miscarriage
What are some of the reasons for spontaneous miscarriages?
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Fibroids
- Cervical incompetence
- Maternal diabetes
What are the risk factors for ectopic pregnancies?
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Previous tubal surgery
- Previous ectopic
- Assisted conception
How are ectopic pregnancies investigated?
1 - USS showing no intrauterine sac
2 - BhCG levels
3 - Progesterone levels
How are ectopic pregnancies managed medically?
Methotrexate
What are the causes of APH?
- Placenta praevia
- Placental abruption
What is placenta praevia and in which groups of woman does it tend to occur?
Placenta implants in lower uterine segment
- Multiparous woman
- Multiple pregnancies
- Previous c-section
What are the grades of placenta praevia?
1 - Placenta close to internal OS
2 - Placenta reaches internal OS
3 - Placenta covers internal OS
4 - Placenta centrally placed over cervix
How does placenta praevia present?
Painless bleeding
Soft uterus
Fetal malpresentation
How is placenta praevia diagnosed?
USS
How is PPH managed medically?
Oxytocin
