Intro Micro Flashcards
What is a photosynthetic microbe?
They produce 02->are photosynthetic such as Cyanobacteria
What is Symbiosis? What are the three different kinds? Give examples of each.
Symbiosis: a biological relationship (living together typically)
1) Mutualism: Both organism Benifits. Win win situation. Ie) Clownfish and sea anemone.
2) Parasitism: One organism benefits, the other is harmed. Win-lose, this type of relationship can either do minimal dmg to host or lead up to death. Ie) Tuberculosis in human lungs.
3) Commensalism: One Benifits and the other is unaffected. Such as white shirt and pilot fish.
What is the Black Plague caused by typically? How is it transmitted?
How can it change in humans?
The Black Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis.
It was transmitted from Rat->flea-> human. This form of transmission causes Bubonic Plague. (Buboes = swollen lymph gland).
If it entered the blood stream it could causes Sceptic Plague . If becomes aerosol and enters lungs it becomes Pneumonic Plague.
Who first described cells? What was he looking at?
Roberts Hooke (1663) was the first to observe cells. He was looking at a piece of cork and observed jail like cells. Hence the name
What did Antoine van Leeuwenhoek do/discover?
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek made great lens’ and discovered what he termed ‘animalacules’ which he found in clear pond water. Would look at a lot of different stuff under the microscope. First to obs. bacteria.
What is Spontaneous generation theory? What theory replaced it?
Spontaneous generation states that living organisms could arise from non-living inanimate mater. Cell theory (developed by Matthias Schneider & Theodor Schwann): living things are made up of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, all cells/living organism arise from pre-existing cells/organisms.
What are two experiments that disproved spontaneous generation?
1) Franceso Reid (1668): demonstrated that covering meat jars with gauze prevented the generation of maggots.
2) Louis Pasteur (1800): demonstrated the presences of microorganisms in the air with his swan-neck flask experiments
What are Koch’s Postulates?
They are steps that demonstrate that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
1) Isolate microbe from dead (infected animal)
2) Grow microbes in pure culture ->characterize and identify
3) infect new host
4a) obs the same disease systems in hew host
4b) isolate and identify microbe as the same.
Can Koch’s postulates be used to demonstrate the cause of any disease?
No-> due to either ethical issues. Also doesn’t work with lifestyle issues (smoking) or genetic conditions.
What is the Germ Theory of disease
States that microorganism are the causative agents of some disease
What did the following people due? Joseph Lister Florence Nightingale Edward Jennner Water Reed
Joseph Lister: after looking at Pasteur’s work started implementing washing hands and cleaning to help prevent surgical infections.
Florence Nightingale: promoted cleanliness,compassion and commitment to patient care
Edward Jenner: inoculated boy with cowpox virus->boy was than protected from small pox. Termed vaccination from word Vacca which means cow.
Walter Reed->Showed that yellow fever is caused by a virus
Name some of the things that microbes do in the environment. In industry.
They breakdown waste material, used in food processes like wine and cheese
What is the protein that replicates DNA
DNA polymerase
What is transcriptase? What protein is used?
Transcriptase is using a DNA template to created mRNA. The protein used in RNA polymerase
What is used in translation?
Translation is taking the mRNA and forming a strand of protein using Ribosome
