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05. HDM Test 1 > 7. Signaling Molecules to Memorize > Flashcards

7. Signaling Molecules to Memorize Flashcards

1
Q

What signaling molecule:

Stimulates neutrophil production?

A

G-CSF

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor

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2
Q

What signaling molecules:

Help to develop B Cells?

A

IL-1, IL-6, IL-7

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3
Q

What signaling molecules:

Help in T Cell development?

A

IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7

(Same as B Cells, but also including IL-2)

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4
Q

Chemokine interaction with what T Cell receptor causes tight binding to high endothelial venules and influences migration to the T Cell zone of the lymph nodes?

A

CCR7

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5
Q

What cell receptor on B Cells influences migration to the follicular region of the lymph nodes?

A

CXCR5

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6
Q

What is the function of Type 1 Interferons? (aplha and beta)

A

Blocks viral replication within host cells

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7
Q

Which TLRs are endosomal?

A

3, 7, 8, 9

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8
Q

What is the substrate for:

TLR 1 - TLR 2

AND

TLR 2 - TLR 6

A

Bacterial lipopeptides

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9
Q

What is the substrate for:

TLR 2 (by itself)

A

Bacterial Peptidoglycan

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10
Q

What is the substrate for TLR 3?

A

ds RNA

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11
Q

What is the substrate for:

TLR 4?

A

Lipopolysaccaride

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12
Q

What is the substrate for:

TLR 5?

A

Bacterial Flagellin

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13
Q

What is the substrate for:

TLR 7

A

ss RNA

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14
Q

What is the substrate for:

TLR 8?

A

ss RNA

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15
Q

What is the substrate for:

TLR 9?

A

CpG rich DNA

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16
Q

What TLR uses TRIF signaling?

A

TLR 3

17
Q

What signaling is used by TLR 4?

A

MyD88

and
TRIF

18
Q

What are the steps for the TLR 4 signaling pathway from MyD88 to Nfkb?

A

MyD88

IRAK

TRAF6

IKK

IkB

NFkB

(My ideal date (MyD88)? Go to Irak, get stuck in TRAFfic, I Kick a Kid, I Kick a Ball, and have a conversation about NFkB)

19
Q

What is the function of and receptor for HMGB1?

A

Activates NFkB as a DAMP

RAGE is the receptor

20
Q

In what class of signaling molecules is Uric Acid?

A

DAMP

21
Q

In what class of signaling molecules are HSPs?

A

DAMPs

22
Q

What two pro-inflammatory cytokines are released in response to HSPs?

A

TNF-alpha

IL-1beta

23
Q

What two signaling pathways are triggered by the inflammosome?

A

Nf-kB and MAPK

24
Q

The primary funciton of Caspase 1 is to activate which two cytokines?

A

IL-1beta

IL-18

25
Q

What are the three scavenger receptors?

A

MARCO

Class A Type I

Class A Type II

26
Q

What do scavenger receptors recognize and bind to on bacterial constituents?

A

Negative charge

27
Q

What is bound by the C Type Lectin Family of receptors?

A

Carbohydrates

28
Q

What is the healthy marker for RBCs to avoid getting killed by NK cells?

A

CD-47

29
Q

What interleukin is responsible for neutrophil migration?

A

IL-8

30
Q

What cytokine is produced by NK cells to stimulate macrophages?

What cytokine is produced by macrophages to stimulate NK cells?

A

NK cells produce IFN-y (gamma) to stimulate macrophages.

Macrophages produce IFN-1alpha to stimulate NK cells

31
Q

What compliment proteins function as opsonins?

A

C3b, C3bi

32
Q

What interleukin regulates acute phase proteins?

A

IL-6

33
Q

What are the two anti-inflammatory cytokines discussed?

A

IL-10

TGF-beta

34
Q

What cytokines are most commonly associated with fever production?

A

IL-1

TNF

(Especially IL-1)

35
Q

What is the primary chemoattractant for monocytes?

A

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 (alpha/beta)

MIP-1

36
Q

What intracellular protein blocks viral RNA translation into protein?

A

Protein Kinase Rna activated

(PKR)

37
Q

What is activated by Type 1 IFN to mediate viral RNA degradation.

A

RnaseL

38
Q

What signaling molecule increases MHC II production in Macrophages and Dendritic cells?

What signaling molecule increases MHC II in B Cells?

A

IFN-y (gamma)

IL-4

39
Q
A

05. HDM Test 1 (7 decks)

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