Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Ch.19- Drugs used for Pain > Flashcards

Ch.19- Drugs used for Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Pain Experience

A

An unpleasant situation that is part of a larger situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The 3 terms used in relationship to the pain experience are….

A

Pain perception, pain threshold, and pain tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pain perception AKA nociception

A

An individuals awareness of the feeling or sensation of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pain threshold

A

The point at which an individual first acknowledges or interprets a sensation as being painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pain tolerance

A

The individuals ability to endure pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute pain

A

Arises from sudden injury to the structures of the body . (Broken leg, appendicitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chronic pain

A

Has a slower onset and lasts longer than 3 months, does not relate to an injury ( Arthritis, back pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nociceptive pain

A

The result of a stimulus (chemical, thermal, mechanical) to pain receptors. Usually described by patients as dull and aching.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Somatic pain

A

Originates from the skin, bones, joints, muscles, or connective tissues, (arthritis pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visceral pain

A

Originates from the abdominal and thoracic organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nociception

A

The process that a person becomes aware of the presence of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 steps in nociception

A
  1. Transduction
  2. Transmission
  3. Perception
  4. Modulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Results from an injury to the peripheral or central nervous system (CNS)- (Phantom limb pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Idiopathic pain

A

A nonspecific pain of unknown region. Common areas = pelvis, neck, shoulders, abdomen, and head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Analgesics

A

Drugs that relieve pain without producing loss of consciousness or reflex activity. An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. (opiate agonists, opiate partial agonists, opiate antagonists, and prostaglandin inhibitors) - Tylenol, salicylates, NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Opiate receptors

A

Block pain when stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Opiates

A

Drugs that act on the same sites in the brain as morphine to stimulate analgesic effects or to block those effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Opiate agonists

A

For acute, moderate, to severe pain commonly associated with acute injury, postoperative pain, renal or biliary colic, MI, or cancer. May also be used to provide preop sedation and supplement anesthesia. Also reduce anxiety. IV works the fastest.

19
Q

With prolonged use Opiate agonists may cause what?

A

Drug tolerance, as well as, psychological and physical dependence.

20
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Means a patient needs larger doses to receive the same analgesic effect. May occur after to 6 weeks.

21
Q

Long term use of Opiate agonists can cause?

A

Constipation

22
Q

______ Is a stool softener that is commonly used to help with constipation.

A

Docusate

23
Q

NSAID -Tramadol may cause what side effect? Especially in elderly or debilitate patients?

A

Dark tarry stools. (bleeding)

24
Q

DO NOT administer Opiate agonists if respiration’s are below what?

A

12 per minute

25
Q

Expected side effects of Opiate Agonists

A

Light headedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, sweating, confusion, disorientation, orthostatic hypotension, constipation

26
Q

REPORT what side effects?

A

Respiratory depression, urinary retention, overuse, or abuse

27
Q

Drug interactions of Opiate Agonists

A

CNS depressants may enhance the depressant effects

28
Q

Morphine Sulfate

A

Most commonly used Opiate Agonist drug.

29
Q

Side effects of Morphine Sulfate include:

A

Low blood pressure, Respiratory depression, urinary retention, constipation

30
Q

Fentanyl

A

Another commonly used Opiate Agonist. Strong drug that is used for strong pain control. Can be administered Parenteral (shot) or transdermal (patch). Narcan can be used to reverse the action.

31
Q

Acetaminophen doses are limited to no more than ___ in 24 hrs

A

4G. Be sure to watch for other sources of tylenol in combo products including OTC cold/allergy meds.

32
Q

Opiate Partial Agonists

A

Depend on whether an opiate agonist has been administered previously. Used for short term relief (up to 3 weeks) of moderate to severe pain associated with cancer, burns, preop analgesic, and OB surgical analgesic.

33
Q

Ceiling effect

A

Occurs when a prolonged use of a drug leads to tolerance and higher doses do not increase analgesia but DOES increase the incidence of adverse effects.

34
Q

Expected side effects of Opiate Partial Agonists

A

Clamminess, dizziness, sedation, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, and constipation.

35
Q

REPORT these side effects of Opiate Partial Agonists

A

Confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, respiratory depression, overuse, or abuse

36
Q

Drug interactions of Opiate Partial Agonists

A

CNS depressants, opiate agonists

37
Q

Opiate antagonists

A

reverse the respiratory depression, sedation, and hyotension associated with opiate agonists and opiate partial agonists.

38
Q

Commonly used Opiate antagonists

A

Narcan (naloxone) and Naltrexone (Revia)

39
Q

Narcan (naloxone) effects:

A

Return of the symptoms the narcotic was used for (pain) Increase in BP. Tremors, and hyperventilation. Reverses respiratory depression from opiates.

40
Q

Naltrexone is used for:

A

To block effects of opioids in patients in drug abuse programs, adminstered orally and has a longer duration of action, blocks feeling of euphoria and prevents opiate cravings. Also used in treatment of alcoholism.

41
Q

Salicylates

A

Can be taken to relieve pain on a long-term basis without causing drug dependence. Also used to reduce the risk of TIA’S (Stroke) as well as for patients experiencing an acute MI.

42
Q

Most common Salicylate drug:

A

Aspirin. Which is commonly Enteric coated so it does not dissolve in the stomach causing gastric irritation/bleeding. Not able to be crushed. Patients with vitamin K or bleeding disorders should not take aspirin due to the risk of bleeding.

43
Q

Toxicity effects of Salicylate drugs (Aspirin)

A

Tennitis, hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, can cause Reye’s syndrome (fatal) in children.

44
Q

Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs AKA NSAIDs (Aspirin like)

A

Preferred option for patients who do not tolerate aspirin.
COX 1 = Ibuprofen, ketoroalac, Aleeve
COX 2 = Celebrex, causes less GI bleeding

Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions