Cardio: Calcium Channel Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of channel is the L-type, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel?

A

Voltage-gated

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2
Q

True or false: all L-type channels are found in the heart.

A

False. There are L-type dihydropyridine receptors in smooth muscle.

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3
Q

The dihydropyridine channels end in the __________ suffix.

A

-dipine

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4
Q

Which drug is mostly non-dihydropyridine but has some vasodilatory effects?

A

Diltiazem (so the Dark Chocolate Diltiazem is in the middle, between Very Vanilla Verapamil and the Dairy Berry Dihydropyridines)

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5
Q

What two effects do the non-dihydropyridine blockers have?

A

Decreased contractility and heart rate

This is represented by the weak kid –who can’t pull down the lever and has a dangling watch.

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6
Q

Which kind of calcium channel blocker is used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

The dihydropyridines, specifically nicardipine and clavidipine

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7
Q

What is one common use of dihydropyridine blockers?

A

Control of hypertension in pregnant women, because they have been shown to be safe.
(Think of the pregnant woman cutting an apple for the DIPpIN’ station with a large knife –the knife represents nifedipine.)

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8
Q

Beta blockers and ___________ should be first-line in the treatment of angina, but calcium channel blockers can be used if those don’t work or aren’t tolerated.

A

nitrates

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9
Q

How do the dihydropyridines treat angina?

A

They decrease afterload and thus decrease oxygen demand. (Think of the older woman throwing off her oxygen cannula AFTER finishing her LOAD of soft serve.)

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10
Q

What disorder is symbolized by the fingerless gloves?

A

Raynaud’s; the dihydropyridines can be used to treat Raynaud’s, so the man with the fingerless gloves is holding some of the DIPpIN’ toppings.

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11
Q

Nimodipine is administered to all patients with ______________, preferably within four days of the event.

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage
(Think of the guy with the berries on his brain-like ice cream –symbolizing berry aneurysm –next to the “Need MOre DIPpIN’?” sign.)

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12
Q

Though there isn’t much research on this, verapamil is often the first choice for prevention of ______________.

A

migraines (Think of the referee hitting the migraine bell on the contest table.)

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13
Q

What are possible side effects of the dihydropyridines?

A

Lightheadedness and peripheral edema (Think of the overwhelmed patron next to the DIPpIN’ station: he’s dizzy and has baggy pants.)

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14
Q

What do you need to keep in mind when prescribing nifedipine?

A

It has an extremely short half-life, so it acts quick and can cause reflex tachycardia. This will worsen angina, represented by the pregnant woman using the large knife to cut into the apple-shaped heart.

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15
Q

What is the main side effect of verapamil?

A

Constipation

Think of the janitor with the plumber next to the vanilla dispenser.

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16
Q

Gingival hypertrophy is a side effect of which CCB?

A

Verapamil (like how the janitor is blowing a bubble with his gum)

17
Q

Be careful using the non-dihydropyridines in those with ______________.

A

heart block (represented by the heart-block shield)

18
Q

All CCBs are contraindicated in _________________.

A

those with CHF

Think of how the kid with the deflated heart balloon –representing CHF –is locked out of the store.

19
Q

What are two side effects of DHP CCB?

A

Peripheral Edema
Reflex Tachycardia
(Kid on the floor who is dizzy with large sweat pants and young doctor using the reflex tachycardia reflex heart hammer)