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Vet 115 > Anesthesia > Flashcards

Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Atropine and glycopyrrolate

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2
Q

Properties that influence the way agents are used

A

Vapor pressure, blood-gas partition coefficient, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)

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3
Q

Vapor pressure

A

Measurement of the tendency of a liquid to evaporate.

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4
Q

Blood-gas Partition coefficient

A

The measurement of the tendency of an agent to dissolve in blood. Associated with the speed of induction, recovery and change in depth of anesthesia

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5
Q

MAC (minimum alveolar concentration)

A

The percent concentration of an agent required to prevent a response to surgical stimulation in 50% of patients. Measurement of the potency of an agent.

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6
Q

Halogenated anesthetics

A

Inhalant agents used to induce and maintain general anesthesia, such as Isoflurane and Sevoflurane.

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7
Q

Vapor pressure of Isoflurane

A

240 mm Hg

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8
Q

Vapor pressure of sevoflurane

A

160 mm Hg

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9
Q

Desflurane

A

Boiling point is near room temperature, therefore requires a special expensive electronic vaporizer. Inductions and recoveries are even more rapid than with Sevoflurane

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10
Q

Endotracheal tube’s

A

Used to administer oxygen and inhalant anesthetics.
Maintains an open airway.
Facilitates administration of supplemental oxygen.
Allows manual ventilation.

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11
Q

Types of endotracheal tubes

A

Red rubber, silicon rubber, polyvinylchloride

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12
Q

Murphy tubes

A

Side hole called the Murphy eye.

Beveled end

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13
Q

Parts of the endotracheal tube

A

Connector
Cuff
Valve
Pilot balloon

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14
Q

Laryngoscopes

A

Used to visualize the larynx while placing endotracheal tubes

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15
Q

Supraglottic airway devices (SAD)

A

Creates a seal around the laryngeal opening without invading the tracheal lumen.

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16
Q

General systems of the anesthesia machine

A

The carrier gas supply
The anesthetic vaporizer
The breathing circuit
This cabbaging system

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17
Q

Carrier gas supply

A

Delivers carrier gases to the patient at controlled flow rates

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18
Q

Anesthetic vaporizer

A

Vaporizers a precise concentration of liquid inhalant anesthetic and mixes it with the carrier gas.

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19
Q

Breathing circuit

A

Delivers the anesthetic and oxygen mixture via and a tracheal tube, mask, or chamber and Conway is expired gases away.
Rebreathing and non-rebreathing

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20
Q

Scavenging system

A

Disposes of waste and excess anesthetic gases

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21
Q

Carrier gas used during all and aesthetic procedures

A

Oxygen

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22
Q

Tidal volume

A

The volume of a normal breath (~10-15 mL/kg body weight)

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23
Q

Oxygen cylinders

A

Color coded as green in the United States, or white internationally.

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24
Q

Tank pressure gauge

A

Indicates the pressure in a compressed gas cylinder

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25
Q

Pressure reducing valve

A

Reduces the pressure of gas exiting the compressed gas cylinder to 40 - 50 psi

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26
Q

Line pressure gauge

A

Indicates pressure in the line connecting the pressure-reducing valve to the flowmeter.

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27
Q

Flow meter

A

Controls the rate at which carrier gas is delivered to the patient and reduces the pressure from 40 to 50 psi to 15 psi

28
Q

Common standard used for oxygen flow rate for SA

A

1 to 2 L/min

29
Q

Oxygen flush valve

A

Delivers pure oxygen at 35 to 75 L/min directly to the breeding circuit, bypassing the flowmeter and the vaporizer.

30
Q

Oxygen flow rates for chamber induction for small animals, foals, calves, small ruminants

A

5 L/min

31
Q

Oxygen flow rate for mask in ductions for small animals, foals, calves, small ruminants

A

1 to 3 L/min for 10 kg or less

3 to 5 L/min for more than 10 kg

32
Q

Precision vaporizers

A

Oh miles per Syse delivery of higher vapor pressure inhalants, such as iso and Sevo. Located out of the breeding circuit; vaporizer out-of-circuit

33
Q

Non-Percision vaporizers

A

Only used with low vapor pressure and aesthetics. Located in the breathing circuit.

34
Q

Vaporizer inlet port

A

The point where oxygen and other carrier gases enter the vaporizer from the flowmeter.

35
Q

Vaporizer outlet port

A

The point where oxygen, inhalant anesthetic, and other carrier gases exit the vaporizer.

36
Q

Vaporizer fresh gas in let

A

The point at which the gases enter the breathing circuit

37
Q

Non-rebreathing system

A

Recommended for patients weighing less than 7 kg.
Flush out expired gases with the use of a relatively high oxygen rate.
Don’t require a CO2 absorbent canister or unidirectional valves.

38
Q

Types of non-rebreathing circuits

A

Bain coaxial circuit
Ayre’s T-piece
Jackson-Reed circuit
Norman Mask elbow

39
Q

Disadvantages of non-rebreathing systems

A

Don’t conserve gases, moisture or body heat.

Manual ventilation and waste gas scavenging are more difficult.

40
Q

The CO2 absorbent canister

A

Prevent the patient from rebreathing toxic levels of CO2

41
Q

Pressure Manometer

A

Indicates pressure in the breeding circuit and in the patient’s lungs

42
Q

Active scavenging system

A

Uses a vacuum pump or fan to remove waste gas

43
Q

Passive scavenging

A

Works by gravitational flow

44
Q

Postinduction apnea

A

Hypoventilation that follows hyperventilation after inductions.

45
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Body temp progressively rises to dangerous levels. Most common in pigs.

46
Q

Esophageal stethescope

A

Amplifies the sound of the heartbeat

47
Q

Doppler ultrasound monitor

A

Detects the flow of blood through small arteries and converts this motion into an audible signal.

48
Q

Doppler ultrasound monitor probe

A

Positioned over the artery, adjusted until an audible signal is detected.

49
Q

Doppler ultrasound probes positioning in small animals

A

Ventral surface of a paw proximal to the metacarpal or metatarsal pad.
Ventral surface of the table base.
Dorsomedial surface of the hock.
Medial surface of the thigh.

50
Q

Doppler ultrasound probe positioning in large animals

A

Ventral tail is most frequently used.

51
Q

Oscillometric BP monitor

A

A device used to measure blood pressure and heart rate.

52
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

Detect changes in the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.

53
Q

Apnea monitor

A

Used to warn the anesthetist of apnea

54
Q

Capnograph

A

Also known as an end-tidal CO2 monitor, measures the level of CO2 present in inspired and expired air.

55
Q

Induction of anesthesia

A

Patient is taken from consciousness to unconsciousness

56
Q

Mask induction vaporizer setting

A

3% to 5% for Iso

4% to 6% for Sevo

57
Q

Chamber induction a vaporizer setting

A

3% to 5% for Iso

4% to 6% for Sevo

58
Q

Inhalant anesthetic maintenance

A
  1. 5 % to 2.5% for Iso

2. 5% to 4% for Sevo

59
Q

Sterile lubricant

A

Place in eyes every 90 minutes

60
Q

Alarming signs during recovery

A

Includes excitement, vocalization, hyperventilation and head thrashing.

61
Q

Rinsing out a horse’s mouth with a dose syringe placed between the cheek and the teeth on each side of the mouth to flush out any feed material

A

Prevent aspiration of material during intubation and recovery.

62
Q

Ketamine is drawn up before anesthesia for horses

A

In case of sudden arousal it is administered to the horse to return it to surgical anesthesia

63
Q

During maintenance of Anastasia horses are more likely to develop

A

Hypoxemia, hypoventilation and hypotension

64
Q

Dobutamine

A

The drug most often used to support blood pressure

65
Q

Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA)

A

Generally characterized by high her blood pressure, better breathing and more active palpable reflexes then seen with inhalant anesthetics in horses.
Used for procedures lasting less than one hour

66
Q

All ruminants should be positioned for surgery with the mouth lower than the pharynx.

A

To allow drainage of saliva and any regurgitation of material from the mouth, preventing build up in the pharynx which could lead to aspiration during recovery.

67
Q

This species has been observed to breathe rapidly and shallowly, somewhat like a panting dog

A

Ruminants

Vet 115 (3 decks)

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