Chapter 5,6,7 Vocab

Question 1

Biome

Answer 1

Terrestrial region inhabited by certain types of life. Ex. Various types of grasslands, deserts, forests

Question 2

Coniferous trees

Answer 2

Cone bearing trees, mostly evergreens with needle like leaves. Produce soft wood

Question 3

Deciduous plants

Answer 3

Trees, such as oaks or maples that survives during cold or dry seasons by shedding their leaves (not evergreen)

Question 4

Evergreen plants

Answer 4

Plants that keep some of their leaves or needles throughout the year. Ex. Ferns and come bearing trees( firs, pines…)

Question 5

Forest

Answer 5

Biomes with enough average precipitation (at least 76cm) to support growth of various tree species and plants

Question 6

Grassland

Answer 6

Average precipitation (25-76cm) is enough to support growth of grass and plays but not enough for trees

Question 7

Latitude

Answer 7

Distance from equator

Question 8

Monsoons

Answer 8

Periods of heavy rain experienced on continents lying N or S of warm oceans

Question 9

Permafrost

Answer 9

Permanently frozen later of soil. Found in artic tundra

Question 10

Succulent plants

Answer 10

Like cacti can live in extremely dry climates by having no leaves

Question 11

Barrier island

Answer 11

Long thin off shore islands of sediment that run parallel to coasts
Erosion due to development

Question 12

Benthos

Answer 12

Bottom dwellers

Question 13

Coastal wetland

Answer 13

Basically salty wetland. Ex bays, marshes, lagoon, mangrove swamps

Question 14

Cultural eutrophication

Answer 14

Overnurishment of Aquatic ecosystems with plant nutrients ( nitrates and phosphate) due to HUMAN ACTIVITY ex agriculture, urbanization, and industry discharge

Question 15

Estuary

Answer 15

Partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of river and sea meet
Place where fresh and salt water mix

Question 16

Eutrophic zone

Answer 16

Upper layer of body of water where sunlight can penetrate and support photosynthesis

Question 17

Eutrophic lake

Answer 17

Lake with excessive nutrients

Question 18

Inland wetland

Answer 18

Land away from coast filled with FRESHWATER ex swamps marsh bog

Question 19

Mangrove swamp

Answer 19

Swamps found on coastline of warm tropical climates. Dominated my mangrove trees that can live partly submerged

Question 20

Oligotrophic lake

Answer 20

Lake with low supply of nutrients

Question 21

Phytoplankton

Answer 21

Small drifting plants mostly algae and bacteria

Question 22

Runoff

Answer 22

Freshwater from precipitation and melting ice that flow onto earths surface into bodies of water

Question 23

Upwelling

Answer 23

Movement of nutrient rich bottom water to oceans surface. Brings cold water and nutrients to surface

Question 24

Watershed

Answer 24

Land that delivers water, sediments, and dissolved substances via small steams to river

Question 25

Wetland

Answer 25

Land that is covered all or part of the time with salt or freshwater excluding streams lakes and ocean

Question 26

Zooplankton

Answer 26

Animal plankton. Small floating herbivores that feed on plant plankton (photo plankton)

Question 27

Annual

Answer 27

Plants that grows set seeds and dies in one season

Question 28

Climax community

Answer 28

Fairly stable self sustaining community in advanced stage or ecological succession. High biodiversity and uses entertainment and other cycles more efficiently

Question 29

Commensalism

Answer 29

Interaction between organisms where 1 type of organism benifuts and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Question 30

Competition

Answer 30

Two or Moore organisms attempting to use the same scarce resources in the same ecosystem

Question 31

Disturbance

Answer 31

A discrete event that disputes a ecosystem

Question 32

Ecological succession

Answer 32

Process in which communities a plan animal species in a particular area are placed over time by series of different and often more complex communities

Question 33

Ecosystem services

Answer 33

Natural services are natural capital that support life on earth are such of the quality of human life in the functioning of the worlds economies

Question 34

Habitat fragmentation

Answer 34

Break up of a habitat into smaller pieces, usually as a result of human activities

Question 35

Indicator species

Answer 35

Species that acts as an early warning that a community or ecosystems being de graded

Question 36

Keystone species

Answer 36

Organisms that play roles affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem

Question 37

Mutualism

Answer 37

Type of species interaction in which BOTH participating species generally benefit

Question 38

Invasive species

Answer 38

No native species

Question 39

Parasitism

Answer 39

Interaction between species in which one organism called the parasite praise on another organism called the host by living on or in the host

Question 40

Perennial

Answer 40

Plants that can like for two or more years

Question 41

Pioneer species

Answer 41

First hardy species often microbes moss or lichen that can begin colonizing a site as the first stage of ecological succession

Question 42

Primary succession

Answer 42

Ecological succession in a bare area that has never been occupied by a community of organisms

Question 43

Resilience

Answer 43

Ability of a living system to restore itself to original condition after being exposed to an outside disturbance that is not too drastic

Question 44

Secondary succession

Answer 44

Ecological succession in an area in which natural vegetation has been removed or destroyed but the soil is not destroyed

Question 45

Theory of island biogeography

Answer 45

Number of species found on island is determined by two factors: immigration rate of species new to the island and extinction rate ( will at some point reach an equilibrium point)