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Y3 PSYCHIATRY > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

List psychological symptoms of anxiety disorders

A 
Worry/panic
Fear of going mad/dying
Concentration problems
Racing thoughts
Hypervigilance
Inability to relax
Derealization and depersonalisation
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2
Q

Anxiety is a normal state. True/False?

A

True

Causes issues when daily living is affected, however

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3
Q

List physical symptoms of anxiety disorders

A 
Palpitations
Sweating, dry mouth
Tremor
Dizziness
Muscle tension
Numbness/tingling
Lump in throat (globus hystericus), dysphagia
Chest pain/tightness
Nausea, vomiting, butterflies
Difficulty breathing
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4
Q

How does the amygdala aid in our aversive/defensive psychosystem?

A

Acts as an emotional filter of brain for assessing whether sensory material via thalamus requires a stressor fear response

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5
Q

Describe generalised anxiety disorder

A

Excessive persistent worrying that is not restricted to particular circumstances
Lasting most days for at least 6 months

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6
Q

Describe panic disorder

A

Recurrent “panic attacks” not restricted to particular situations (episodes of severe, unpredictable anxiety)

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7
Q

How long does a panic attack last to be classified as a panic attack?

A

Peaks within 10 minutes

Lasts up to 45 mins

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8
Q

Describe social phobia

A

Social anxiety disorder
Persistent unreasonable fear of being observed or judged negatively by other people
Fear of personal humiliation/ embarrassment

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9
Q

Describe agoraphobia

A

Fear of leaving home, shops, crowds, public places, travelling alone
Open places

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10
Q

Describe specific phobia

A

Fear cued by presence or anticipation of specific object or situation e.g. flying, heights, animals, injection, blood

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11
Q

If someone predominately suffers from a traumatic past with flashbacks, what is the condition to look for?

A

PTSD

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12
Q

If someone predominately suffers from compulsions and persistent ideas, what is the condition to look for?

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder

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13
Q

If someone predominately suffers from uncontrollable worry about several things at once, what is the condition to look for?

A

Generalised anxiety disorder

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14
Q

If someone predominately suffers from fear of social scrutiny, what is the condition to look for?

A

Social phobia

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15
Q

What is the main aim of psychological/behavioural therapy when tackling anxiety disorders?

A

To understand conditioning and attempt to undo previous learning

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16
Q

What is the difference between graded exposure/sensitisation and flooding approach in psychological therapy for anxiety?

A

Graded: slow counter-conditioning involving build-up of coping mechanisms against feared stimuli
Flooding: full exposure to feared stimulus + staying with it until fear reduces

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17
Q

List the medication used for OCD

A

SSRIs

Clomipramine

18
Q

List psychological therapy used for OCD

A

CBT

Exposure and response prevention

19
Q

What is the first line treatment for OCD?

A

Exposure and response prevention

20
Q

The obsessions in OCD are usually desired and associated with relief. True/False?

A

False
Usually unwanted, recurrent and intrusive
Distressing and associated with anxiety

21
Q

The compulsions in OCD usually lead to reduced anxiety. True/False?

A

True

Resistance to compulsion leads to heightened anxiety

22
Q

OCD is familial. True/False?

A

True

23
Q

What is the mean age of onset of OCD?

A

20 years old

24
Q

List some clinical features of OCD

A

Preoccupied with rules, lists, schedules
Perfectionism
Inflexibility of thought
Controlling

25
Q

List 5 screening questions you may ask to probe about OCD

A

Do you wash/clean a lot?
Do you check things a lot?
Is there any thought that persistently bothers you?
Does it take you a long time to finish things?
Are you concerned with orderliness/symmetry?

26
Q

List behavioural symptoms of anxiety disorders

A 
Avoid certain situations
Exaggerated response to minor suprises
Difficulty getting to sleep
Excessive use of alcohol/ drugs
Persistant irritability
Seek reassurance
27
Q

When does anxiety become pathological?

A

Anxiety more extreme than normal
Anxiety in situation that is not normally anxiety provoking
Impairment of social/ occupation function

28
Q

List symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder

A 
Persistent nervousness
Trembling
Muscle tensions
Sweating 
Lightheadedness
Palpitations
Dizziness
Epigastric discomfort
29
Q

List management options for generalised anxiety disorder

A

CBT
SSRIs/ SNRIs
Pregabalin
Benzodiazepines (short-term)

30
Q

List symptoms of panic disorder

A 
Sudden onset of:
Palpitations
Chest pain
Choking sensation
Dizziness
Feelings of unreality
Fear of dying/ going mad
31
Q

Panic disorder is strongly associated with which type of phobia?

A

Agoraphobia

32
Q

Which imaging tool can be used to diagnose panic disorder?

A

PET scan

Increased metabolism in anterior pole of temporal lobe

33
Q

List management options for panic disorder

A

CBT
SSRIs/ SNRIs
TCADs
Benzodiazepines (short-term)

34
Q

List the three main types of phobias and features common to all of these

A 
Agoraphobia
Social phobia
Specific phobia
Fear recognised as irrational
Typified by avoidance or anticipatory anxiety
35
Q

List symptoms of social phobia

A

Blushing, shaking
Fear of vomiting, micturation, defecation
Poor school/ occupational performance

36
Q

List management options for phobia

A

CBT
SSRIs/ SNRIs
Benzodiazepines (short-term)

37
Q

What are the two main components of OCD

A

Recurrent obsessional thoughts - ideas, images, impulses

Recurrent compulsive acts - repeated, stereotyped rituals or behaviours

38
Q

List diagnostic criteria for OCD

A

Must be present for at least 2 weeks and be a source of distress or occur with activities
Obsessions must be individuals own thoughts and must be repetitive
Resistance must be present

39
Q

OCD is strongly associated with which other mental health disorder?

A

Depression

40
Q

What is the maximum amount of time benzodiazepines should be used for? List some side effects

A 
2 weeks
Sedation and psychomotor impairment
DIscontinuation/ withdrawal problems
Dependency and abuse
Alcohol interaction
Worsen depression
41
Q

List differential diagnosis for anxiety

A 
Thyroid function
Menopause
Cortical-secreting tumours
Depression
Gambling, addiction

Y3 PSYCHIATRY (23 decks)

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