7.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions (PART A)

Question 1

What are precipitation reactions?

Answer 1

Dissolved substances react to form one (or more) solid products.

Question 2

What is a double replacement reactions (metathesis)?

Answer 2

Occurs when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds. Anions change partners.

Question 3

What should you be careful of when predicting products?

Answer 3

Make sure to make neutral ionic compounds.

Question 4

What do you do after successfully predicting your products?

Answer 4

You can balance the reaction equation.

Question 5

What is important when it comes to precipitation (solid product)?

Answer 5

To know which product will be soluble in the solvent and which one will precipitate.

Question 6

What determines a solubility of a compound?

Answer 6

In chemistry there is solubility rules to help determine compounds are soluble. (This will be provided on the exam).

Question 7

What symbol is used to represent solubility?

Answer 7

Aqueous (aq)

Question 8

What symbol is used that represent insolubility?

Answer 8

Solid (s)

Question 9

What is an acid base reaction?

Answer 9

Hydrogen ion (H+), is transferred from one chemical species to another.

Question 10

What is an acid?

Answer 10

A substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydronium ions (H3O+)

Question 11

Properties of strong acids?

Answer 11

1. Completely dissolved.
2. Use —> to indicate the totality of the reaction.
3. Only products remain after reaction is finished.

Question 12

Properties of weak acids?

Answer 12

1. Partially dissolve.
2. Use a top arrow going right with bottom arrow going left to indicate partiality of the reaction.
3. Reactants and products are all part of final reaction mixture.

Question 13

Weak acid examples

Answer 13

Citric acid, and acetic acid.

Question 14

What is a base substance?

Answer 14

A substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydroxide ions (OH-).

Question 15

What are the properties of strong bases?

Answer 15

1. Completely dissolve.
2. Use —> to indicate the totality of the reaction.
3. Only products remain reaction is finished.

Question 16

What are the properties of weak bases?

Answer 16

1. Partially dissolve.
2. Use a top arrow going right with bottom arrow going left to indicate partiality of the reaction.
3. Reactants AND products are all part of final reaction mixture.

Question 17

What is considered a strong base?

Answer 17

Any hydroxide base is considered a strong base.

Question 18

Weak base example

Answer 18

Ammonia (NH3)

Question 19

What is neutralization reactions?

Answer 19

An acid and a base react together to produce water and a salt (ionic compound).

acid + base —> water + salt

Question 20

How does neutralization reaction create water?

Answer 20

The hydrogen (H) from the acid and the hydroxide (OH) from the base come together to make water.

Question 21

How does the neutralization reaction create salt then?

Answer 21

The anion from the acid and the cation from the base come together to make the salt.

Remember: ionic compounds come together from nonmetal and metal. Where metal is typically the cation and anion is typically the non-metal.

Question 22

What is an oxidation-reduction?

Answer 22

Redox for short, it is a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another.

Question 23

What is oxidation?

Answer 23

The loss of electrons.

Question 24

What is reduction?

Answer 24

The gain of electrons.

Question 25

What does oxidation-reduction explain about?

Answer 25

How electrons are transferred throughout the reaction. Remember: Oxidation is the loss of electrons Reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 26

Redox reactions aren't just in ionic compounds but can...

Answer 26

Exist in covalent compounds too, when electrons are shared.

Question 27

What is oxidation number?

Answer 27

The charge an element in a compound would possess if the compound was ionic. (this is for covalent compounds).

Question 28

Oxidation numbers in equations

Answer 28

We can track oxidation numbers for elements in an equation to determine what is oxidized and reduced.

Question 29

Oxidation =

Answer 29

increase in oxidation number

Question 30

Reduction =

Answer 30

Decrease in oxidation number

Question 31

What happens in a displacement redox reactions?

Answer 31

An atom or an ion in a compound is replaced by an atom of another element.

Question 32

What is a combination in a reaction?

Answer 32

A reaction having 2 or more reactants combining to make one product. They could involve oxidation and reduction.

Question 33

What is a decomposition redox reactions?

Answer 33

Reactions involve in one reactant decomposing to make 2 or more products. They could also be a redox reaction.

Question 34

What is a combustion reaction?

Answer 34

Combustion is also a redox process. It involves the addition of oxygen and heat to a hydrocarbon to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Question 35

What is a half reaction?

Answer 35

Oxidation of half-reaction + reduction of half-reaction

Question 36

What does redox reactions must have in the process?

Answer 36

Must have both mass balance and charge balance.