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MSK > Workshops etc > Flashcards

Workshops etc Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 allied health professions

A 
Art Therapists, Drama Therapists, Music Therapists
Occupational Therapists
Physiotherapists
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiographers
Speech and Language Therapists
Orthotists and Prosthetists
Orthoptics
Podiatrists
Dieticians
Paramedics
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2
Q

What is the earliest sign of RA on X-ray

A

Osteopenia - thinning of the bone around the joint

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3
Q

What scans might you use to diagnose RA

A

X-ray

MRI or US - depending on joint being checked

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4
Q

What signs may appear on X-ray in late stage RA

A

Erosions

Joint deformity

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5
Q

Which blood condition is commonly seen in inflammatory disease

A

Mild anaemia

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6
Q

What is first line treatment for RA

A

DMARD

Always methotrexate unless contraindicated

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7
Q

Which cancer do biologic drugs increase the risk of

A

Skin

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8
Q

What must you counsel patients on when starting methotrexate

A

Sun protection
Pregnancy - must stop at least 3 months before trying to conceive
Lung symptoms - methotrexate can cause pneumonitis
Screen for TB risk

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9
Q

How is the complement system affected in lupus

A

Serum levels of components fall

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10
Q

What kidney signs may be present with lupus

A

Early - = high protein: creatine ratio in urine

Later = raised urea and creatine

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11
Q

What may be a cause of Raynaud’s in older men

A

Hand/arm vibration syndrome
Caused by manual work with power tools
Ask about occupation

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12
Q

How do you treat Raynaud’s

A

Vasodilators
Calcium channel blockers
Sildenafil - Viagra

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13
Q

What is a gibbus

A

Angular deformity of bone (spine?)

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14
Q

What pathologies can be caused by a cervical rib

A

Nerve or vascular impingement

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of vascular impingement in the upper limb

A

Intermittent tingling

Numbness in the arm and or hand

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16
Q

Why do you check chest expansion in the spinal exam

A

To check for ankylosing spondylitis

Will be reduced in this condition

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17
Q

What causes muscle wasting

A

Nerve insufficiency

Lack of use

18
Q

What is a Baker’s cyst

A

An outpouching of the synovium appearing as a fluid filled sack
Seen in arthritis

19
Q

What are the symptoms of a ruptured Baker’s cyst

A

Severe pain behind knee

Swollen calf as fluid has drained down

20
Q

What is an antalgic gait

A

Altered walk in attempt to reduce pain or avoid painful limb
E.g. limp in order to reduce time on sore limb

21
Q

What condition is a shuffling gait associated with

A

Parkinson’s

22
Q

Which tests are used to look for effusion in the knee

A

Gutter sweep - smaller effusions

Patellar tap - larger ones

23
Q

When would you get patellar apprehension

A

Unstable joints

Location of previous dislocation

24
Q

What is Lachman’s test

A

Tests the ACL
You clamp hand on femur and pull the tibia upwards 3 time
Should have no or very slight movement if ACL intact

25
Q

What does Steinman’s test check for

A

Meniscus tears

26
Q

Which shoulder movements are less important to test

A

Adduction and extension

Not hugely functional

27
Q

Why might internal rotation of the shoulder be asymmetrical in a normal patient

A

May be less movement in the dominant hand due to increased musculature

28
Q

Which of the 4 rotator cuff muscles isn’t really tested in the shoulder exam

A

Teres minor

29
Q

What type of pathology could be expected if active movement doesn’t happen but passive can

A

Most likely extraarticular
Muscle pain or weakness
You can move their arm but cant do it themselves

30
Q

What will give you a positive Thomas’ test

A

Any condition that causes hip stiffening

e.g. OA

31
Q

What can cause a locked knee

A

ACL or bucket handle tear of the meniscus

32
Q

How do you treat adult presentation DDH

A

Joint replacement or osteotomy

33
Q

On x-ray what does the hanging rope sign indicate

A

Perthes disease

34
Q

Why is DDH more common in women

A

Pregnant women produce relaxin to prepare for birth, female babies have the receptors for this hormone so can cause laxity in them

35
Q

What is the difference between dislocation and subluxation

A

• Subluxation is still in partial contact with a joint and dislocation is completely out of joint

36
Q

What is another name for trigger finger

A

stenosing tenosynovitis

37
Q

What is a watershed area of a tendon

A

Area with poorer blood supply and therefore less oxygen, predisposing them to pathology

38
Q

What are some side effects of steroid injections

A

Depigmentation

Atrophy

39
Q

The younger the child the greater the remodelling potential - true or false

A

True

40
Q

What type of deformity will remodelling not fix

A

Rotational deformities

MSK (21 decks)

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