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Surgery Shelf Study Guide COPY > Orthopedic Surgery > Flashcards

Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

How does LCP disease present?

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Present in a kid with limping, hip pain, and limited hip ROM; dx X-ray, Tx cast + crutches

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2
Q

How does hip dislocation present?

A

Presents as a chubby kid limping due to groin pain, hip has limited internal rotation; dx X ray, tx pin femoral head back in place

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3
Q

How does a septic hip present?

A

Presents in toddlers who refuse to move hip following a septic illness; dx hip aspiration under anesthesia, tx perc drain

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4
Q

How does osteomyelitis present in kids?

A

Presents in kids with severe localized bone pain following a septic illness; dx bone scan since X ray will be false negative, tx antibiotics

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5
Q

What are genu varum and valgus?

A 
genu varum (bowlegs): 3 y/o surgical correction
genu valgus (knock knee) : observation
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6
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Presents in teens with persistent pain over the tibial tubercle, aggravated by quad contraction; tx immobilization in cast

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7
Q

How does club foot present?

A

Presents as bilateral inverted feet in a newborn

tx serial plaster casts on adducted forefoot –> hindfoot varus –> equinus

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8
Q

How do you treat scoliosis?

A

Laterally curved spine
Common in teenage girls
Tx spine brace until mature, surgery if severe

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9
Q

How does an osteosarcoma present?

A

Presents as low-grade knee pain in a 10-25 y/o, X ray shows Codman’s triangle and sunburst appearance

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10
Q

How does Ewing sarcoma present?

A

Presents as low-grade epiphyseal pain in a child, X ray shows onion skinning, due to t(11;22)

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11
Q

How do metastatic bone cancers present?

A

Usually from breast (lytic) and prostate (blastic), causing bone pain and pathologic fractures
Dx: bone scan
Tx: radiation

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12
Q

How does multiple myeloma present?

A 
Plasma B cell tumor results in CRAB
hypercalcemia 
renal failure
anemia
bone pain (punched out lesions on Xray)
Dx: urinary Bence-Jones protein
Tx: chemo
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13
Q

How do you work up fractures?

A

All require 2 X-rays 90 degrees from each other including joints above and below fractured bone; anticoagulation of choice is fondaparinux + leg compression devices

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14
Q

How do you manage a clavicular fracture?

A

Typically between mid-to-distal third of clavicle; tx figure of eight device for 4-6 weeks

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15
Q

How does an anterior shoulder dislocation present?

A

Presents with outward rotated arm + deltoid numbness due to axillary palsy

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16
Q

How does a posterior shoulder dislocation present?

A

Presents with internally rotated arm held close to body

17
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

Distal radial fx in osteoporotic women falling on outstretched hand
Tx is reduction + cast

18
Q

What is a monteggia fracture?

A

Diaphyseal fx of proximal ulna + radial dislocation, following direct trauma to ulna

19
Q

What is a Galezzi fracture?

A

Diaphyseal fracture of distal radius + ulnar dislocation, following direct trauma to radius

20
Q

How does a scaphoid fracture present?

A

Presents as wrist pain and tender anatomic snuffbox in a young person falling on outstretched hand; tx thumb spica cast

21
Q

How does a metacarpal neck fracture present?

A

Presents as swollen and tender hand after punching a wall; tx splint or plate

22
Q

How does a hip fracture present?

A

presents as shortened and externally rotated hip in an osteoporotic woman; tx depends on location of fracture

23
Q

What is the risk of a femoral neck fracture?

A

May lead to avascular necrosis of femoral head

Tx prosthetic replacement of head

24
Q

How do you treat a femoral shaft fracture?

A

intramedullary rod fixation, high risk of hypovolemic shock and fat embolism

25
Q

How do knee injuries present?

A

Swelling
Unhappy triad: ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus following blow to lateral leg
ACL tear: swelling, pain, positive anterior drawer sign
Meniscal tear: pain, swelling, and clicking of knee with forceful extension
MRI is dx for all

26
Q

How does a tibial stress fracture present?

A

Presents as localized tibial pain in a soldier following a long march
tx cast and f/u Xray in 2 weeks

27
Q

How does an Achilles tendon rupture present?

A

Presents as “popping noise” in ankle following exertion with pain and swelling
tx cast or surgery

28
Q

How do you treat an ankle fracture?

A

Common after falling on inverted or everted foot

tx ORIF

29
Q

How do you manage an open fracture?

A

Require cleaning and reductino within six hours to prevent ischemia of distal limb

30
Q

How does gas gangrene present?

A

Presents as tender, swollen, discolored wound site with crepitus following a penetrating injury; tx high-dose penicillin G, hyperbaric oxygen, and debridement

31
Q

What do you see in congenital hip dysplasia?

A

Presents as uneven gluteal folds, posterior dislocating hips (with “snapping”) in a newborn; dx U/S since hip isn’t calcified for X-ray
Tx splinting

Surgery Shelf Study Guide COPY (14 decks)

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