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Year 3 Anatomy > Reproduction 3 > Flashcards

Reproduction 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Space inferior to pelvic diaphragm (including external genitalia)

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2
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Space inferior to pelvic diaphragm (including external genitalia)

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3
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Muscular partition formed by the levator ani and coccygeus

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4
Q

What is in the female perineum?

A

External genitalia
Perineal muscles
Anal canal

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5
Q

What is the male perineum?

A

External genitalia (urethra, scrotum, penis)
Perineal muscles
Anal canal

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6
Q

What structures divide the perineum into two triangles? What are these two triangles called?

A

Base of each triangle formed by line joining the two ischial tuberosities
Tip of the urogenital triangle formed by the pubic symphysis
Tip of the anal triangle formed by the coccyx

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7
Q

What structures are in the urogenital triangle?

A

Roots of scrotum, penis and vulva

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8
Q

What structures are in the anal triangle?

A

Anal canal, orifice and anus

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9
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Thin sheet of deep fascia that stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arch below the pubic symphysis (in between the deep and superficial perineal muscles)

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10
Q

What is the perineal membrane perforated by?

A

Urethra and vagina

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11
Q

What muscles converge at the perineal body?

A

Bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse peroneal muscles etc.

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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13
Q

What is the action of the external sphincter?

A

Constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resisting defaecation
Supports and fixes peroneal body/pelvic floor

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14
Q

What is the innervation of bulbospongiosus?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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15
Q

What is the innervation of ischiocavernosus?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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16
Q

What is the innervation of superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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17
Q

What is the innervation of deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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18
Q

What is the innervation of external urethral sphincter?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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19
Q

What is the action of bulbospongiosus?

A

Supports/fixes perineal body/pelvic floor

Assists in erection of penis/clitoris

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20
Q

What is the action of ischiocavernosus?

A

Maintains erection of clitoris/penis

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21
Q

What is the action of the superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

Supports and fixes perineal body to support abdomino-pelvic viscera, resisting increased intraabdominal pressure

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22
Q

What is the function of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Compress urethra to maintain urinary continence

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23
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Muscular partition formed by the levator ani and coccygeus

24
Q

What is in the female perineum?

A

External genitalia
Perineal muscles
Anal canal

25
Q

What is the male perineum?

A

External genitalia (urethra, scrotum, penis)
Perineal muscles
Anal canal

26
Q

What structures divide the perineum into two triangles? What are these two triangles called?

A

Base of each triangle formed by line joining the two ischial tuberosities
Tip of the urogenital triangle formed by the pubic symphysis
Tip of the anal triangle formed by the coccyx

27
Q

What structures are in the urogenital triangle?

A

Roots of scrotum, penis and vulva

28
Q

What structures are in the anal triangle?

A

Anal canal, orifice and anus

29
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Thin sheet of deep fascia that stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arch below the pubic symphysis (in between the deep and superficial perineal muscles)

30
Q

What is the perineal membrane perforated by?

A

Urethra and vagina

31
Q

What muscles converge at the perineal body?

A

Bulbospongiosus, levator ani, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse peroneal muscles etc.

32
Q

What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

33
Q

What is the action of the external sphincter?

A

Constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resisting defaecation
Supports and fixes peroneal body/pelvic floor

34
Q

What is the innervation of bulbospongiosus?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

35
Q

What is the innervation of ischiocavernosus?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

36
Q

What is the innervation of superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

37
Q

What is the innervation of deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

38
Q

What is the innervation of external urethral sphincter?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

39
Q

What is the action of bulbospongiosus?

A

Supports/fixes perineal body/pelvic floor

Assists in erection of penis/clitoris

40
Q

What is the action of ischiocavernosus?

A

Maintains erection of clitoris/penis

41
Q

What is the action of the superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

Supports and fixes perineal body to support abdomino-pelvic viscera, resisting increased intraabdominal pressure

42
Q

What is the function of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Compress urethra to maintain urinary continence

43
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Fibromuscular mass in the medial plane between the vagina and rectum

44
Q

What sit he clinical significance of the perineal body?

A

Last support of pelvic viscera (just deep to skin)
Stretching/tearing of this attachment of perineal muscles from perineal body can occur during childbirth –> removal of support of pelvic floor

Which can lead to prolapse or continence issues

45
Q

What are the superficial and deep perineal pouches?

A

Fascia-limited, potential spaces transversed by the urethra
The superficial perineal pouch lies antero-inferior to the urogenital membrane & surrounds the external genitalia
The deep perineal pouch surrounds the deep perineal msucle

NB - they can become infiltrated with urine following traumatic/surgical injury to urethra

46
Q

In which peritoneal space is the external urethral sphincter found? Is it voluntary?

A

Deep peritoneal space

Yes - voluntary

47
Q

What is the external urethral sphincter part of?

A

Deep transverse peritoneal muscle

48
Q

Where is the internal/vesical urethral junction located?

A

At the vesico-ureteric junction

No - it is involuntary

49
Q

What are the four parts of the urethra?

A

Preprostatic
Prostatic
membranous
Spongey

50
Q

What is the condition where an elderly man’s prostate enlarges?

A

BPH - leads to urinary symptoms

51
Q

What part of the urethra is widest and most dilatable?

A

Prostatic part

52
Q

What part of the urethra is narrowest?

A

Membranous part

53
Q

What are the ischio-anal fossae and where do they lie?

A

Fat filled wedges that lie inferior to the pelvic floor and lateral to the anal canal

54
Q

What is the function of the ischio-anal fossae?

A

They allow the anal canal to expand during defaecation

55
Q

What are the major contents of the ischio-anal fossae?

A

Fat and connective tissue

56
Q

Which neurovascular bundle enters the ischio-anal fossae through the lesser sciatic foramen?

What does this neurovascular bundle supply?

A

Alcock’s/pudendal canal - contains internal pudendal artery and vein and pudendal nerve

These structures go on supply the external genitalia

57
Q

Ischioanal abscess can often form and become quite large. These can burst into nearby spaces leading to what?

A

Fistulae

Year 3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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