Miscellaneous Hernias Flashcards
how can hernias be described
reducible
irreducible (incarcerated)
strangulated (if there is compromise to the vascular supply of the hernia contents)
def of amyand’s hernia
appendix is incarcerated as an inguinal hernia
def of epigastric hernia
herniation of the midline, through the linea alba, between the umbilbicus + xiphisternum
def of gluteal hernia
hernia through greater sciatic foramen
def of incisional hernia
hernia that occurs at site of previous surgical incision
def of pantaloon hernia
simultaenous direct + indirect inguinal hernia
def of sciatic hernia
hernia through less sciatic foramen
def of sliding hernia
where organ (bladder/colon) forms part of the hernial sac
aetiology
1 congenital/acquired weakness in the abdominal wall
AND/OR
2 increased intra-abdominal pressure (coughing/straining)
epi
incisional + epigastric hernias are relatively common
history
1 may be asymptomatic
2 swelling which is painful or increasing in size
history of a strangulated hernia
tender, red, swollen
history of an obstructive hernia
intially colicky abdominal pain
nausea + vomiting
constipation
examination
1 swelling which increases in size with coughing or straining
2 often non-tender
3 tender + irreducible if incarcerated or strangulated
investigations
1 may be diagnosed on clinical examination
2 USS/CT scan if in doubt
