Week 4

Question 1

What happens to tear production as we age?

Answer 1

it declines

Question 2

What happens to the cornea as you age?

Answer 2

It looses transparency

Question 3

What occurs as we ages that leads to decreased accommodation?

Answer 3

Collagen fibers thicken

Question 4

What happens to vitreous humor as we age?

Answer 4

It becomes cloudy

Question 5

What happens to Aqueous humor as we age?

Answer 5

Volume is reduced

Question 6

What age does Presbyopia begin?

Answer 6

40

Question 7

What are some normal vision changes as we age?

Answer 7

• Glare is increased
• Contrast decreases
• Visual field narrows
• Rods in eye decline =night blindness

Question 8

Cataracts effect _____ of people age 60-70

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

Glaucoma effects ____ of people over the age of 70

Answer 9

3-4%

Question 10

___ out of every ___ people over the age of 75 are affected by macular degenration

Answer 10

1 of 3

Question 11

What is a common cause of retinal detachment in older adults?

Answer 11

Falls

Question 12

The decline of ___ in older age results in ____ ulcers

Answer 12

tears

Corneal

Question 13

What happens to cerumen glands as we age? what is the result?

Answer 13

They shrink

Causes dry earwax

Question 14

What happens to the external ear canal as we age?

Result of this?

Answer 14

it shrinks

Increased blockages

Question 15

What happens to the tympanic membrane as we age?

Answer 15

It stiffens and looses the ability to transmit as many vibrations

Question 16

What changes happen within the ear that lead to increased risk of falls?

Answer 16

Vestibular changes that effect balance

Question 17

What are the three types of hearing loss common in old age?

Answer 17

• Conductive-environmental
• Presbycusis-age related hearing loss
• Sensorineural hearing loss- tennitis

Question 18

What is the impact of hearing loss on Safety/Pleasure/Function in OA’s

Answer 18

Safety-Cant hear alarms or instructions, fall risk
Pleasure-No music or conversations
Function-Social Isolation

Question 19

What is Hyposmia?

Answer 19

Decreased sense of smell

Question 20

What is Anosmia

Answer 20

Lost sense of smell

Question 21

When does the sense of smell peak?

Answer 21

20-40 years

Question 22

what percentage of older adults have a decline or loss of the sense of smell?

Answer 22

over 50%

Question 23

What are the two main causes of olfaction decline in OA’s?

Answer 23

• Decline in neurons

- Weakened neural pathways

Question 24

What sex shows the greatest decline in olfaction?

Answer 24

Men

Question 25

What is hypogeusia?

Answer 25

Decline in taste

Question 26

What is Ageusia

Answer 26

Loss of sense of taste

Question 27

What is the first taste to go?

Answer 27

salt

Question 28

What is often the last taste an OA will have?

Answer 28

Sweet

Question 29

What are the two main causes of decline in taste?

Answer 29

• Decline in number of tastebuds

- Dry mouth

Question 30

What is the impact of olfaction decline on Safety/Pleasure/Function in OA’s

Answer 30

Safety- Gas leaks and smoke
Pleasure-Cant smell good smells anymore
Function- decline in smell is often paired with decline in taste

Question 31

What is the impact of Taste decline on Safety/Pleasure/Function in OA’s

Answer 31

Safety- Poison risk
Pleasure- No good food tastes
Function-Malnutrition

Question 32

What is Proprioception?

Answer 32

The sense of body position

Question 33

What causes a decline in Proprioception?

Answer 33

• Decline in lower limb sensory fibers

- Decline in vibration receptors

Question 34

What is the impact of Proprioception on Safety/Pleasure/Function in OA’s

Answer 34

Safety-Fall risk
Pleasure- Reduced activity due to fear of falls
Function- reduced exercise and fear of social isolation

Question 35

What are some causes in the decline of the sense of touch in older adults?

Answer 35

• Decreased mechanoreceptors
• Changes in integument
• Reduced sensory neurons
• Delay in relay information

Question 36

What is the impact of loss of touch on Safety/Pleasure/Function in OA’s

Answer 36

Safety- Hot/cold temp and injury to feet
Pleasure- Can be increased with service pets
Function- Isolation from fear of injury