Part 5: Vaccination

Question 1

First vaccination (name, date, what)

Answer 1

Edward Jenner
1796
Cowpox to protect against smallpox

Question 2

Vacca

Answer 2

Latin for cow

Note: Pasteur is the first to use the word vaccination

Question 3

Principle of immunity:

Answer 3

Immunity can be acquired naturally via exposure to antigen OR artificially via induction of immune response.

And immunity can be either active or passive.

Question 4

Natural and active immunity:

Answer 4

Natural exposure E.g. Immunity following exposure to measles

Question 5

Natural and passive immunity

Answer 5

Transfer of antibodies produced by others. E.g. mother to child

Question 6

Artificial and active immunity

Answer 6

Deliberate exposure to antigen E.g. immunization

Question 7

Artificial and passive immunity

Answer 7

Antibodies injected into body E.g. Ig following dog bite

Question 8

What type of immunization refers to immunity produced by the body following exposure to antigen (either natural or artificial)

Answer 8

Active immunization

Question 9

3 vaccine types:

Answer 9

• Inactivated (killed vaccine)
• Live attenuated vaccine
• Subunit vaccines

Question 10

The type of vaccine that is unable to replicated but retains immunogenicity of infectious agent or toxin

Answer 10

Inactivated (killed) vaccine

Question 11

What is the advantage of inactivated (killed) vaccine?

Answer 11

Can’t revert to dangerous form

Question 12

Examples of inactivated (killed) vaccine

Answer 12

• Influenza

- Polio (Salk)

Question 13

Type of vaccine that is the weakened form of disease-causing microbe that is unable to cause disease

Answer 13

Live attenuated vaccine

Question 14

How does Live attenuated vaccine work?

Answer 14

It replicates in recipient causing an infection with undetectable or mild disease

Question 15

Examples of Live attenuated vaccine

Answer 15

• Polio (Sabin)

- MMR

Question 16

Type of vaccine that is composed of key protein antigens or antigenic fragments rather than whole cells or virus

Answer 16

Subunit vaccines

Question 17

Examples of Subunit vaccines

Answer 17

• Toxoid

- Capsule

Question 18

What type of immunization refers to immunity acquired by receiving antibodies produced by another animal?

Answer 18

Passive immunization

Question 19

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are antibodies that are

Answer 19

Identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell

Question 20

Artificially acquired passive immunization is when immunity is artificially transferred by injection with

Answer 20

Gamma-globulins from other individuals or from an immune animal