Basic Principles of Memory Flashcards
In Baddeley and Hitch’s working memory model (1974), what keeps information in the phonological store?
Articulatory Loop
What does Baddeley and Hitch’s working memory model illustrate?
The different components to working / short-term memory
What happens in the sensory memory when the stimulus disappears?
Sensations still persist but they are subject to rapid decay.
What are the different stores in sensory memory?
- Iconic: For visual sensory information
- Echoic: For auditory sensory information
What is the difference between primary memory and secondary memory?
- Primary memory is from present time and is linked to conscious experience. Retrieval is effortless.
- Secondary memory is from the past and can be permanent (unconsciously). Retrieval requires effort.
What does it mean if the phonological store is impaired?
The verbal span is significantly reduced but their word perception and speech production is normal.
How does information get from the sensory memory to the STM?
By paying attention
How does information get from the STM to the LTM?
Through encoding
How does information get from the LTM to the STM?
Through retrieval
How does information stay within the STM?
Through rehearsal
What would happen if the articulatory loop was disrupted?
There would be poor retention in the phonological store.
What is the phonological store?
Acts as a tape recorder for a limited amount of time
What is encoding?
The process of converting information into an understandable form.
What are the three levels of processing in encoding?
1) Orthographic: Shallow level of processing with poor retention.
2) Phonological: Medium level of processing with medium retention.
3) Semantic: Deep level of processing with good retention.
What can the visuo-spatial sketch pad be divided into?
- Visual cache which passively stores visual information about form and colours
- Inner scribe which stores spatial and movement information. It is also able to rehearse the information of the visual cache
