ATS2004 Cultural Questions Flashcards
孙中山: What was the name of the state which he was the first president?
Republic of China (1912), which was instrumental in overthrowing the Qing dynasty.
孙中山: What is he referred to as in Taiwan, Hong Kong & Macao?
“Father of the Nation”, “Forerunner of Democratic Revolution”
孙中山: Why is he known in the West as Sun Yat-sen?
It’s the name he got while studying in Hong Kong. ‘Yat-sen’ is Cantonese.
孙中山: What is the origin of the name “中山”?
It’s the most used of his > 6 Chinese names. Derived from the Japanese name he was given while in hiding.
孙中山: How do we know he is revered in China and Taiwan?
Most big cities have a 中山路. Many schools, universities, natural wonders are named after him. Pictures of him are often found at ceremonial locations, huge portrair appears of him at Tian’anmen Square.
孙中山: What party did he cofound?
National Party of China (Kuomintang / KMT) which helped to reunify the country. He became a symbol of Chinese modernization.
毛泽东: What is the name of the state that Mao established?
People’s Republic of China.
毛泽东: What is celebrated on 1st of October?
PRC was declared on 1st October 1949. China’s National Day.
毛泽东: What were some of his achievements?
Distributing land to peasants, restoration of China’s sovereignty and independence, paved the way for future economic success.
毛泽东: Why is he likened to tyrants such as Hitler and Stalin?
Millions of execusions and deaths, Great Leap Forward (30m deaths, widespread starvation), Cultural Revolution (destroying four olds, 400k-3m died), invasion of Tibet into China.
毛泽东: Describe Mao’s personality cult.
In 1958, Mao supports the idea of a personality cult if the cult revolves around someone genuinely worthy. A lot of art glorifies Mao (paintings, posters, musical compositions, children’s songs). It is displayed nearly everywhere. The little Red Book features his quotes.
邓小平: How was Deng Xiaoping different?
He was more flexible and had a more pragmatic approach to a range of situations. Deng had different ideas after the failure of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution.
邓小平: What policies did he implement?
Open markets, one-child policy, rational, flexible and innovative long term planning. Restored stability and economic growth. Increased standard of living. Expanded personal and cultural freedom.
