ANXIOLYTICS & HYPNOTICS

Question 1

BZD

Answer 1

Target GABAa receptor
increase frequency of potassium channels opening
anticonvulsants Alpha1-GABAa
anterograde amnesia Alpha1-GABAa
hypnotics sedatives Alpha1-GABAa(HIGH)
muscle relaxant alpha2-gabaA
anti anxiety alpha2-gabaA(LOW)
excreted as glucoronides

Question 2

lorazepam
clonazepam
diazepam

Answer 2

long acting BZD
TREAT ANXIETY and relate with usually depression and schizophrenia
CROSS TOLERANCE with alcohol

Question 3

int acting bzd(10-20hrs)

Answer 3

ALPRALOZAM
ESTAZOLAM
LORAZEPAM
TEMAZEPAM

Question 4

LONG ACTING bzd

1-2 days

Answer 4

CLORAZEPATE
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
DIAZEPAM
FLURAZEPAM
QUAZEPAM

Question 5

short acting BZD

Answer 5

OXAZEPAM

TRIAZOLAM

Question 6

TEMAZEPAM

Answer 6

FREQUENT WAKENING effect occurs after 1-3 hrs

BZD

Question 7

trialozam

Answer 7

results in inbound insomnia(INC REM)
helps inducing sleep
BZD
rapid tolerance
severe withdrawal symptoms

Question 8

MIDAZOLAM

Answer 8

FACILITATE amnesia and used for anxiety reducing for difficult procedures dental,intubation,endoscopy angioplasty
prior to anesthesia

Question 9

clonazepam

Answer 9

ADJUNTIVE TREATMENT for seizures

Question 10

lorazepam and diazepam

Answer 10

treat status epileptics

Question 11

treat alcohol withdrawal and related seizures

Answer 11

diazepam 
clorazepate
lorazepam
oxazepam
chlordiazepoxide 
due to cross tolerance

Question 12

diazepam

Answer 12

treat muscle spasticity in neurodegenertive disorders

Question 13

FLUMAZENIL

Answer 13

treat bzd overdose
as antagonist to bz1 receptor
1 hr half life

Question 14

venlafaxine

duloxentine

Answer 14

SNRI TREAT CHRONIC ANXIETY FIRST LINE

GAD

Question 15

ESCITALOPRAM

PAROXETINE

Answer 15

SSRI

trreat chronic anxiety given with bzd fr 3 week after alone

Question 16

buspirone

Answer 16

chronic treatment oF GAD
NON BZD
SLOW ONSET LONG ACTING 
mediated by 5-HT1A 
CAUSES NAUSEA VOMITTING

Question 17

BARBITURATES

Answer 17

INDUCE and maintain sleep
enhance gabanergic transmission with GABA A
block glutamate NMDA
cns and respiratory depression

Question 18

short acting barbiturates(3-8 hrs)

Answer 18

pentobarbital
secobarbitol
amobarbitol

Question 19

very short acting barbiturate (20 min)

Answer 19

thiopental

Question 20

long acting (1-2 days)

Answer 20

phenobarbital

Question 21

dose of barbiturate

Answer 21

low causes sedation
higher causes hypnosis further anesthesia
suppress hypoxic and chemoreceptor response to co2

Question 22

thiopental

Answer 22

induce anesthesia for very short time

Question 23

phenobarbitol

Answer 23

anticonvulsants
long term tonic clonic control
treat refractory status epileptics

Question 24

butalbital

Answer 24

suppress REM most

manage tension type migraines

Question 25

adverse effects of barbiturates

Answer 25

mental and physical sluggishness
impaired conc
contraindicated in pt with acute intermittent porphyria
shock like symptoms cardiac arrest restlessness vomitting reduced breathing
central cardiovascular depression

Question 26

ZOLPIDEM

Answer 26

BINDS TO BZD RECEPTOR
USED FOR MIDDLE OF THE WAKENING PROBLEM
LINGUAL SPRAY ADVERSE SIDE EFFECTS nightmares ,amnesia,daytime drowsiness

Question 27

zaleplon

Answer 27

fewer side effects as zolpidem

non bzd hypnotic

Question 28

eszoplicone

Answer 28

ACTS ON BZ1 receptor
effective for insomnia for 6 months
peripheral edema somnolence dry mouth unpleasant taste

Question 29

ramelteon

Answer 29

agonist MT1 MT2
induce and promote sleep
prolactinemia
melatonin control

Question 30

antihistamine

Answer 30

diphenylhydramine
hydroxyzine
doxylamine

Question 31

doxylamine
hydroxyzine
diphenylhydramine

Answer 31

treat situational insomnia

Question 32

doxepin

Answer 32

antidepressant

help treat insomnia

Question 33

mitrazepine

trazodone

Answer 33

antidepressant

off label insomnia treatment with TCA