Module 3 Flashcards
What is the longitudinal aspect of competency related to?
Ongoing maintenance of professional skills and knowledge needed to continue practice.
This includes:
- Skills (e.g. counselling micro skills),
- Tools (e.g. maintaining equipment and providing/receiving adequate training),
- Knowledge (of theories, research and intervention techniques),
- Reasoning (to make sound professional judgements) and
- Reflexivity (of self, emotional reactions, values and beliefs, etc.).
The APS ethical standards that relate to competency are:
General Principle B: Propriety, specifically standard B.1.
What are the 6 psychology graduate attributes?
Graduate attributes are the qualities, skills and understandings that students should develop during their undergrad study.
- Knowledge and understanding
- Research methods
- Critical thinking
- Values
- Communication skills
- Learning and application
What’s one issue that can arise when working with multiple clients?
Each client may have different expectations about the nature, extent, duration, and outcome of the psychological service
What are the 4 guidelines under B.1 Competence in the Code?
B.1.1 Psychologists bring and maintain appropriate skills and learning to their areas of professional practice
B.1.2 Only provide services within boundaries of competence
B.1.3 Seek professional supervision and consultation
B.1.4 Continuously monitor professional functioning
What are the 4 guidelines under B.2 Record keeping in the Code?
B.2.1 Psychologists make and keep adequate records B.2.2 Keep records for minimum 7 years since last contact
B.2.3 For under 18s, keep records until at least 25yo
B.2.4 Don’t refuse requests from clients to amend incorrect information
Define competency
Possessing the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) to be able to do something successfully or efficiently (and with confidence)
What are some of the core capabilities and attributes that must be achieved by a provisional psychologist during an internship program?
- Assessment and measurement
- Communication and interpersonal relationships
- Cross-cultural understanding
- Ethical, legal and professional matters
- Intervention
- Knowledge of the discipline
- Lifespan
- Research and evaluation
What are the core topics of psych?
Abnormal Biological bases of behaviour Cognition, information processing and language Health and wellbeing History and philosophy of psych Individual diff in capacity and behaviour, testing and assessment, personality Intercultural diversity and indigenous psych Learning Lifespan developmental psych Motivation and emotion Perception Social psych
What are the main objectives of the 4th year psych course?
- Provide integrated and comprehensive education in psychology,
- permit advanced level study in a range of areas,
- Develop competence in conducting research.
Who is responsible for the assessment and accreditation of programs of study eligible for approval by the Psychology Board of Australia as suitable training for registration as a psychologist in Australia?
APAC
What must an APAC accredited fourth year course must provide students with?
Advanced theoretical and empirical knowledge in:
- core research areas
- cognitive and personality assessments,
- evidence-based approaches to intervention,
- how the science and practice of psychology is influenced by social, historical, professional, and cultural contexts
What is ‘tacit’ knowledge?
Knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it
“the habitual and judicious use of communication, knowledge, technical skills, clinical reasoning, emotions, values, and reflection in daily practice for the benefit of the individual and community being served”
Competencies capture ‘tacit’ knowledge
What are some of the micro-skills of counselling?
- Attending to the client
- Confrontation
- Effective listening
- Encouraging
- Informed consent
- Knowledge of electronic and communication technologies
- Paraphrasing
- Questioning
- Summarising
- Time management of a session
- Termination of a session
What are some of the specific competencies required by an educational psychologist?
- Working with children, parents, and schools
- Working with indigenous communities
- Assessment of education level
What are some of the specific competencies required by a forensic psychologist?
- Knowledge of law
- Working with criminals
- Maintaining confidentiality
- Assessment of psychiatric state
- Preparing accurate reports
Some core competencies will be shared, regardless of the area of psychology we work in. Some will vary, and this may be caused by…
- Assorted work settings / activities (research vs practice; clin psych vs org psych)
- Type of service provision (indiv / couple / group)
- Diverse range of clients (Adults, children, CALD)
- Range of different tools used (psychometric tests; assessment questionnaires)
- Various techniques used (types of therapy/ data collection)
What does CALD stand for?
Culturally and linguistically diverse
What are the 2 models for the assessment of professional competence in psychology?
- Snyder & Elliot (2005) Matrix model
- Rodolfa’s (2005) Cube model
What is Snyder & Elliot’s (2005) matrix model informed by?
Positive psychology, with a core focus on the strengths and weaknesses of people in their personalities and within the individual’s environment
What does the core of the Snyder & Elliot matrix comprise of?
2 dimensions, 4 quadrants
What is the horizontal dimension of the matrix model?
Source - person/environment
What is the vertical dimension of the matrix model?
Valence - strengths / weaknesses
What are the 4 factors yielded by the matrix model?
- Strengths within a person
- Strengths within the environment
- Weakness within a person
- Weaknesses within the environment
What are the 4 conceptual levels that the core of the matrix model operates on?
- Individual (micro)
- Interpersonal (meso)
- Institutional (exo)
- Societal (macro)
What quadrant of the matrix model has the traditional deficit model, in training, generally focused on?
3 - weaknesses of a person (pathologising individuals)
When using the matrix model, what should psychologists in training now consider?
The other aspects (instead of just #3 weaknesses of person) ie
- the exploration of the strengths of the individual (#1), and environment (#2), as well as the weaknesses of the environment (#4).The proximal environmental aspects are considered wider as the core is embedded and operates at four conceptual levels (individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal) (Figure 3.2). These concentric ‘onion’ rings are similar to the micro-, meso-, exo-, and macrosystems, from the bioecological system model of human development, proposed by Bronfenbrenner and Ceci (1994).
What are the 3 orthogonal dimensions relevant to training that make up the cube model?
- Foundational competencies
- Functional competencies
- Stages of professional development
What items would fall into the functional competency domains for the Rodolfa Cube Model?
- Assessment / Diagnosis / Conceptualisation
- Intervention
- Consultation
- Research / Evaluation
- Supervision / Teaching
- Management / Administration
What items would fall into the foundational competency domains for the Rodolfa Cube Model?
- Reflective practice / self-assessment
- Scientific knowledge & methods
- Relationships
- Ethical & legal standards / policy issues
- Individual & cultural diversity
- Interdisciplinary systems
What items would fall into the stages of professional development for the Rodolfa Cube Model?
- Doctoral education
- Doctoral internship / residency
- Post-doctoral supervision
- Residency / fellowship
- Continuing competency
Are the domains of the Rodolfa cube model mutually exclusive?
No, they are interrelated, developmental in nature and occur at every stage of professional development
Where are the matrix and cube models derived from?
The US
Where does Australia psych practice align more closely with?
Europe
What are the 6 domains that comprise the 20 primary competencies from the European Diploma in Psychology (EuroPsy)?
- Assessment
- Communication
- Development
- Evaluation
- Goal specification
- Intervention
Voudouris, 2010: What are the two factors that are driving more explicit and transparent competency-based assessment in the education and training of Australian psychologists?
- Increased emphasis by government
2. International trends
Voudouris, 2010: What does the EuroPsy involve?
3 yr bachelor
2 yr Masters
1 yr supervised prac
How many ‘primary competencies’ are there?
How many ‘enabling competencies’ are there?
20
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Voudouris: What has the rapid commitment to the
EuroPsy across so many European jurisdictions is most likely to be attributed to?
The adaptability to each specialised area of psychology
Competencies are designed such that the specific
skills, knowledge and attitudes required for any broad work context (and each specialisation in psychology) can be derived for each of the listed competencies, along both the Primary and Enabling Competency dimensions
Voudouris: What are the two challenges facing regulators and educators as they make the shift to a greater emphasis on testing the outcomes of education and training?
Specification and assessment of competencies
Why is the assessment of competence difficult?
Because it’s developmental, impermanent and context specific in nature
What are the two competencies that fall under ‘Goal Specification’?
Needs Analysis
Goal Setting
What are the 4 competencies that fall under ‘Assessment’?
Indiv Assessment
Group Assessment
Organisational Assessment
Situational Assessment
What are the 4 competencies that fall under ‘Development’?
Service or product definition and requirements analysis
Service or product design
Service or product testing
Service or product evaluation
What are the 5 competencies that fall under ‘Intervention’?
Intervention planning Direct person-oriented intervention Direct situation-oriented intervention Indirect intervention Service or product implementation
What are the 3 competencies that fall under ‘Evaluation’?
Evaluation planning
Evaluation measurement
Evaluation analysis
What are the 2 competencies that fall under ‘Communication’?
Giving feedback
Report writing