Science~~~~~~~~~ Flashcards
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that is resent in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live.
Nucleotide
in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphoate, and a nitrogenous base.
Chargaff’s Rules
Chargaff’s rules state that DNA from any cell of any organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA.
Watson and Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with Rosalind Franklin and James Watson.
Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Elsie Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite.
Mutations
a change in the nucletide-base sequence of a gene or DNA mole
Adaptation
a charectiseristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Species
a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring
Evolution
the process in which in herited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new sometimes arise
Fossils
the remains or physical evidence of a past creature
Fossil Record
a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the earths crust.
Charles Darwin
a founder of evaluation
Trait
a genetically determined characteristic
Selective Breeding
the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have a certain desired characteristic
Natural Selection
the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully then less adapted
