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Post harvest technology > Fruit & Vegetable Structure > Flashcards

Fruit & Vegetable Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 structural components of plant structure (micro-level)?

A

Cell wall
Middle lamella
Plasmaderma

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2
Q

What is the cell wall made of and what is the purpose?

A

made of cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, lignins, etc

purpose: contains cell components; structural support (rigid)

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3
Q

Where is the middle lamella located, what is it made of, and what is the purpose?

A

under cell wall (cell membrane)
rich in pectic substances (pliable)
hold/bind cell together

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the plasmaderma?

A

communicate with adjoining cells

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5
Q

Another name for the cell membrane is:

A

plasmalemma

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6
Q

What is the role of the plasmalemma, and what important characteristic allows for this?

A

membrane around cell, control water, diffusion, osmosis -> maintain TURGIDITY

selective permeability

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7
Q

the vacuole serves as a ______.
It contains: _______________.
The membrane surrounding it is called the _____.

A

fluid storage
amino acids, various solutes
tonoplast

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8
Q

Components responsible for turgidity:

A

vacuoles

plasmalemma

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9
Q

All major metabolic activities in the plant cell occur in the _____

A

cytoplasm (in specialized organelles)

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10
Q

What are some specialized organelles in the cytoplasm of plants?

A 
nucleus (control)
endoplasmic reticulum (transport, protein/fat synth)
golgi complex (modification/transport, building cell wall)
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11
Q

What is the ribosome?

A

organelle containing RNA, protein synthesis

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12
Q

What produces energy in the cell?

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

The 3 plasmid types and their contributions:

A

chloroplast (photosynthesis)
amyloplast (starch)
chromoplast (color)

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14
Q

The 3 structural components of plant tissue (macro-level)?

A

dermal system
ground system
vascular system

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15
Q

The dermal system acts as ____ tissue, and facilitates ___ _____. It is located: _____

A

protective; gas exchange

on outer surface

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16
Q

What protection does the dermal system offer?

A 
moisture loss
pathogen/chemicals
mechanical injury
temperature stress
volatiles loss
texture loss
17
Q

Describe epidermal cells:

A

outermost layer
various sizes/shapes
compacted together
contains lipid-like materials

18
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

extracellular layer made from cutin/wax

water impermeable layer

19
Q

What is cutin made from?

A

polymerized hydroxycarboxylic acids

20
Q

What is wax made from?

A

aliphatic wax alcohol esters or fatty acids

21
Q

Put in order of increasing wax/cutin content: leafy veg, root veg, fruit

A

root veg < leafy veg < fruits

22
Q

What is corky tissue made of? Where is it found?

A 
Made of cork cells which contain SUBERIN (lipid-like material)
contains pores (LENTICELS)

in aerial fruits (apples) or underground storage organs of plant

23
Q

What are stomata and what is their purpose?

A

tiny pores in epidermal layer (surrounded by guard cells)

gas exchange

24
Q

In some plants the outer dermal layer has more structural modification, creating a ____

A

peel

25
Q

____ and ____ cells act as supporting tissue in the plant.

A

collenchyma

sclerenchyma

26
Q

How are collenchyma cells organized?

A

separate longitudinal strands

uneven thickness

27
Q

The cell walls of collenchyma cells are rich in ____ and ____, making it unusually ____.

A

hemicellulose, pectin

pliable

28
Q

Ground tissue makes up ___% of plant tissue. What are its purposes?

A

80%

major metabolic activity
edible portion
mechanical support

29
Q

The most common ground tissue is:

What are the cell characteristics?

A

parenchymal tissue

undifferentiated cells, large vacuole. various shape/size

30
Q

_____ cells have uniformly thickened walls. What are other characteristics?

A

schlerenchymal

usually lignified (woody)
lot of cellulose (60-80%)
very rigid, low pliability (good for impact resistance)

31
Q

The 2 types of schlerenchymal cells:

Describe them.

A

Fibres: long/pointed, give fibrous texture (even after cooking), nutritive importance
Scleroids: various shapes, hard structures, scattered clusters, gives grainy texture

32
Q

The ____ system specializes in transport of materials such as: _______

A

vascular

water, minerals, organic products

33
Q

the 2 components of the vascular system and their roles:

A

xylem: transport water + minerals
phloem: transports organic products (from metabolism/photosynthesis)

34
Q

Texture can be described in general terms such as ___ or ____, or in more exact terms such as ____ (6)

A

handfeel; mouthfeel

juiciness, grittiness, crispiness, mealiness, firmness, fibrousness

35
Q

What contributes to texture of fruit/veg?

A

type of tissue (physical properties)

distribution/organization of tissue

Post harvest technology (18 decks)

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