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N2 Exam 3 > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Urolithiasis

A

stones found in the urinary tract

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2
Q

Affects ability of the bladder muscles to tighten or release due to nerve damage. Problem controlling the bladder from nerve damage

A

Neurogenic Bladder

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3
Q

Results from recurrent urinary tract infection.

A

Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)

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4
Q

This may occur as a result of long-term dialysis, use of NSAIDs, kidney stones, and hepatitis C.

A

renal cancer

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5
Q

Urine drains automatically through opening created in the abdominal wall and skin. Fastest and simplest to perform and care for.

A

noncontinent ileal conduit

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6
Q

S/S: Severe, acute pain accompanied by n/v

A

ureteral calculi

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7
Q

S/S: Urinary urgency, frequency, lower back pain, foul-smelling urine

A

Cystitis

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8
Q

S/S: May be painless with intermittent hematuria. Pelvic of flank pain in metastasis

A

bladder cancer

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9
Q

S/S: Hematuria, blood in the semen, reduction in urine stream, back pain

A

prostate cancer

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10
Q

S/S: Dull, aching pain in flank or abdomen, colicky, hematuria, or palpable mass in the flank

A

renal cancer

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11
Q

Cystoscope is introduced into the bladder for direct visualization of the bladder and urethra

A

cytoscopy

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12
Q

Placed with a guide wire under fluoroscopy to open areas of blockage by renal calculi and allow urine to drain

A

stent

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13
Q

Treatment with analgesia, hydration, and dietary management

A

renal calculi

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14
Q

Noninvasive procedure in which renal and ureteral stones are pulverized into smaller fragments by shock waves.

A

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

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15
Q

Surgery done to remove part of the prostate gland, amount of tissue to be removed is relatively small. Requires no incision. Gland is removed in small chips.

A

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

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16
Q

Medication: Patients are instructed not to take this 48 hours prior to and after receiving contrast dye.

A

metformin (Glucophage)

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17
Q

Medication: Urinary anesthetic used to treat urinary tract infections.

A

pyridium (Phenazopyridine)

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18
Q

Medication: Improves flow, relax the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate.

A

alpha-adrenergic blocking agents (Hytrin, Cardura, FloMax)

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19
Q

Medication: Treatment for recurrent urinary tract infection and contraindicated for sulfa allergies, asthma. Should not be used if received in the past 3 months.

A

TMP-SMZ (Bactrim DS)

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20
Q

Sulfanomides, Fluroquinolones, and Penicillins.

A

Treat UTI’s

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21
Q

A document that permits the Urologist to perform a Cystoscopy

A

informed consent

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22
Q

Drink 2-3 L of water daily, wipe perineum from front to back, and avoid bubble baths.

A

Prevent UTI

23
Q

Monthly examination of the testicles to identify masses and any changes.

A

testicular self examination

24
Q

Semen storage after diagnosis, before radiation therapy and chemotherapy

A

testicular storage

25
Q

What are the components of co-trimoxazole

A

Co-trimoxazole is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and is in a class of medications called sulfonamides.

26
Q

What is the rationale for combining the components of co-trimoxazole?

A

work better to disrupt FOLATE SYNTHESIS

27
Q

If patient is also on warfarin (Coumadin), what effects does co-trimoxazole have on Coumadin?
Would you expect the Coumadin dose be increased or decreased?

A

I would expect it to be decreased due to this medication increasing the effects of Coumadin.

28
Q

KUB. Used to diagnose stones

A

X-ray of kidneys, urtreters and bladder

29
Q

Nurses role in IVP (intravenous pylogram)

A

assess allergies to iodine and shellfish , pregnant? nursing?, impaired renal function? metformin?

30
Q

diagnosing stones

A

KUB, pyleogram, 24 hour urine, U/S, CT scan,

31
Q

When analyzed, most stones are

A

calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate.

32
Q

Manifestations of UTI -

A

Blood in the urine (hematuria), Increased frequency of urination, Nausea and vomiting
Pain during urination (stinging, burning), Tenderness in the abdomen and kidney region
Urinary tract infection (fever, chills, loss of appetite). Pain most common symptom
Renal colic : Sudden onset unilateral flank pain, severe enough to cause the patient to go to the ED. Pain fluctuates in intensity, nausea present.

33
Q

renal calculi complications

A

infection, blockage, hydronephrosis

34
Q

Use of shock waves generated outside the body. Repeated shock waves pulverise the stones into fragments

A

lithotripsy (ESWL)

35
Q

post care of lithotripsy

A

Observe for signs of bleeding
Monitor vital signs every hour
Monitor urine output for amount, color, clarity first 48 hours
Observe for increased bruising at side treated
Note any leakage (catheter), s/s of infection

36
Q

common causes of neurogenic bladder

A

vaginal birth, cerebral disorders, diabetes, brain or spinal cord infections, MS, Parkinsons disease

37
Q

accurate predictor of UTI

A

urinalysis with positive nitrate and pyuria and/or bacteria

38
Q

antibiotic treatment for UTI sulfonamide (main one)

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)
Bactrim/Septra
Bactrim DS should not be used if a patient has received it
For treatment of UTIs during the previous 3 months

39
Q

two more antibiotics for UTI that are not sulfonamides

A 
Fluroquinolones: e.g cipro
	Reserved for complicated cystitis
	Bactrim and Fluroquinolones-side effect of 
  yeast infection
Penicillins: Amoxicillin
40
Q

urinary analgesic

A

pyridium (Phenazopyridine)

41
Q

Can develop on the surface of the bladder wall or grow within the bladder wall and invade underlying muscles. Starts at base of bladder and involve the openings to the ureters and the bladder neck.

A

bladder cancer

42
Q

More common in men over age 50
More common in populated industrial areas
Environmental carcinogens

A

bladder cancer

43
Q

S/S: high BP and obesity, tobacco use, longer term dialysis, kidney stones, chronic hep C, exposure to chemicals, estrogen therapy, polycystic kidney disease

A

renal cancer

44
Q

early manifestations of kidney cancer

A

asymptomatic initially, blood in urine, dull pain, lower back mass

45
Q

late manifestations of kidney cancer

A

weight loss, weakness, fatigue, exhaustion, hight calcium levels in the blood, anemia, fever

46
Q

non surgical treatment of kidney cancer

A

renal artery embolization, chemotherapy, biological response modifier, stem cell transplant, vaccination

47
Q

most common invasive cancer in men and second most common cause of cancer death in men

A

prostate cancer

48
Q

Risk factors: high fat diet, obesity, over 50, african and carribean background, elevated testosterone, STI increase risk

A

prostate cancer

49
Q

Early S/S of prostate cancer

A

urinary complaints, urinary retention, urinary frequency, nocturia, reduction of urine stream, hematuria, back pain

50
Q

Late S/S of prostate cancer

A

weight loss/no appetite, anemia, bone pain, spinal cord compression, neuro deficits from spinal cord compression, urethral obstruction caused by prostate growth

51
Q

Diagnostic studies for prostate cancer

A

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA. 3 consecutive measurements of specimens over at least 18-24 months), Digital rectal exam (needle biopsy), Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

52
Q

painless lump or mass on testicle, heaviness in scrotum, backache, abdominal pain, weight loss, general weakness

A

testicular cancer (usually get at 15-35 years)

53
Q

90% of testicular cancers are

A

germ cell germinal tumors

N2 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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