Gluteal Region: Abductors and Rotators of Thigh

Question 1

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 1

O: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

I: Most fibers end in iliotibial tract
that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert into gluteal tuberosity of femur

I: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

B: Inferior gluteal arteries mainly,
and superior gluteal arteries occasionally

A: Extends flexed thigh, assists in lateral
rotation, and abducts thigh

Question 2

Gluteus Medius

Answer 2

O: Lateral surface of ilium between anterior
and posterior gluteal lines

I: Lateral surface of greater
trochanter of femur

I: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

B: Superior gluteal artery

A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised

Question 3

Gluteus Minimus

Answer 3

O: Lateral surface of ilium between anterior
and inferior gluteal lines

I: Anterior surface of greater
trochanter of femur

I: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

B: Main trunk and deep branch of superior gluteal artery

A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised

Question 4

Inferior Gemellus

Answer 4

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Medial surface of greater
trochanter of femur

I: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

B: Medial circumflex femoral artery

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip

Question 5

Superior Gemellus

Answer 5

O: Outer surface of ischial spine

I: Medial surface of greater
trochanter of femur

I: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

B: Inferior gluteal and internal
pudendal arteries

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip

Question 6

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 6

O: Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest

I: Iliotibial tract that attaches to
lateral condyle of tibia

I: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

B: Ascending branch of lateral
circumflex femoral artery

A: Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps to keep knee extended

Question 7

Piriformis

Answer 7

O: Anterior surface of sacral segments 2–4, sacrotuberous ligament

I: Superior border of greater
trochanter of femur

I: Ventral rami of L5, S1, S2

B: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries, internal pudendal artery

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip

Question 8

Obturator Internus

Answer 8

O: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone

I: Medial surface of greater
trochanter of femur

I: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

B: Internal pudendal and obturator arteries

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip

Question 9

Quadratus Femoris

Answer 9

O: Lateral margin of ischial tuberosity

I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

I: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

B: Medial circumflex femoral artery

A: Laterally rotates thigh at hip