The Brain

Question 1

where is the brain found?

Answer 1

upper part of the spinal cord

Question 2

name the four main parts of the brain

Answer 2

• cerebrum
• corpus callosum
• cerebellum
• medulla oblongata

Question 3

what is the name of the outer layer of the cerebrum and what type of matter is it made of?

Answer 3

cerebral cortex, grey matter

Question 4

what is the scientific names for the folds and grooves found on the outer layer of the cerebrum?

Answer 4

folds (gyri), grooves (sulci)

Question 5

what type of matter makes up the inside of the cerebrum?

Answer 5

white matter

Question 6

what divides the cerebrum into two halves and what are these halves called?

Answer 6

a deep groove divides it into the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 7

name the four lobes that make up the hemispheres

Answer 7

• frontal
• tempral
• pariental
• occipital

Question 8

what connects the two halves of the cerebrum?

Answer 8

the corpus callosum

Question 9

name three functions of the cerebrum

Answer 9

• orgin of voluntary actions (i.e. walking, jumping, speech, etc.)
• receives & interprets nerve impulses from sense organs (sensations such as sight, touch, smell, sound, taste)
• higher mental functions (memory, intelligece, planning, thought, power of judgement, imagination, emotion)

Question 10

what type of structure does the corpus callosum have.

Answer 10

C-shaped structure

Question 11

where is the corpus callosum found?

Answer 11

between two halves of the cerebrum

Question 12

what type of matter does the corpus callosum consist of?

Answer 12

white matte

Question 13

why is the corpus callosum made up of white matter and not grey

Answer 13

it is a bundle of axons, axons used to connect the halves, largest bundle of fibres

Question 14

name two functions of the corpus callosum

Answer 14

• conducts impulses between two cerebral hemispheres

- forms bridge of communication between thetwo halves in order to coordinate processes

Question 15

where is the cerebellum found?

Answer 15

behind and below cerebrum

Question 16

what connects the twohemispheres of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

the vermis (worm-like mass) made up of nerve tissue

Question 17

what makes the grooves found on cerebellum different to those on the cerebrum?

Answer 17

more shallow & parallel

Question 18

where isgey matter and white matter situated on cerebellum?

Answer 18

grey matter: outside

white matter: inside

Question 19

describe how the white matter is arranged

Answer 19

like a branched tree (abor vitae)

Question 20

name two functions of the cerebellum

Answer 20

• coordinates and controls all voluntary actions in order for smooth and precise movement
• controls muscle tone (tension in muscles) for balance and posture

Question 21

where is the medulla oblongata found?

Answer 21

extension of spinal cord

Question 22

what part of the body has the same structure as the medulla oblongata?

Answer 22

the spinal cord

Question 23

how is the medulla oblongata different to the rest of the brain?

Answer 23

grey matter is on the inside rather than the white

Question 24

describe the structure of the grey matter in the medulla oblongata

Answer 24

arranged in H-shape (just like spinal cord)

Question 25

name two functions of the medulla oblongata

Answer 25

• transmits nerve impulses from the brain to the spinal cord

- contols all involuntary actions such as: 
> rate and depth of breathing
> heartbeat
> blinking
> sneezing
> coughing
> vasomotoractivity (vasoconstriction and vasodilation/ widening and narrowing of blood vessels)
> peristalsis and vomiting