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WJEC A Level Chemistry > Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

List in order of reactivity, from highest to lowest, the derivatives of carboxylic acids

A 
Acyl Chlorides
Anhydrides
Carboxylic acids
Esters
Amides
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2
Q

List in order of acidity from highest to lowest, ethanoic acid, water, phenol, ethanol, benzoic acid

A 
Benzoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Phenol
Water
Ethanol
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3
Q

How can benzoic acid be made from methylbenzene

A

oxidise with acidified potassium manganate

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4
Q

How can a carboxylic acid be made from a nitrile

A

Adding water and dil.HCl

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5
Q

How can esters be made

A

In a reversible reaction adding a carboxylic acid and alcohol in a reversible reaction in the presence of a H2SO4 catalyst and heat
OR
By adding an acyl chloride and an alcohol forming HCl as a by-product

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6
Q

How can an ester be returned to its alcohol and acid

A

Using acid hydrolysis

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7
Q

How can an ester be returned to its alcohol and salt

A

Using alkaline hydrolysis

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8
Q

What are the properties of esters

A

low boiling point
insoluble in water
sweet smelling

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9
Q

Name four ways of making anhydrides

A

Acid + salt
acid + acid
acid + acyl chloride
acyl chloride + salt

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10
Q

Name 2 properties of anhydrides

A

easily hydrolysed
neutral
useful reagents

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11
Q

How can you make an amide from a carboxylic acid

A

add ammonia and heat

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12
Q

How do you decarboxylate a carboxylic acid

A

Use soda lime and heat

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13
Q

How do you make an ester with a carboxylic acid

A

Add an alcohol in conc. H2SO4

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14
Q

How do you make an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid

A

Add PCl5

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15
Q

How do you test for a carboxylic acid

A

Add sodium hydrogencarbonate and observe effervescence

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16
Q

How do you make an anhydride from a carboxylic acid

A

Add a carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt

17
Q

How do you reduce a carboxylic acid

A

Add lithium-tetrahydroaluminate in ether

18
Q

What happens when you add ammonia to an acyl chloride

A

You create an amide with HCl as a by-product

19
Q

What happens when you add water to an acyl chloride

A

You create a carboxylic acid and HCl

20
Q

What happens when you add an acyl chloride to phenol

A

you create an ester of phenol and HCl

21
Q

What happens when you add NaOH to an amide

A

You create a carboxylic acid and ammonia

22
Q

What happens when you add HCl to an amide

A

You create a carboxylic acid and NH3Cl

23
Q

What happens when you add lithium-tetrahydroaluminate to an amide in ether

A

You create an amine

24
Q

Name two properties of amides

A

Not alkaline

Small amides are soluble

25
Q

How are amides named

A

Multiple substitutions on the nitrogen add the use of N at the beginning of the name and the length and number of chains after eg, N-dimethylpropanamide

WJEC A Level Chemistry (16 decks)

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