Schizophrenia

Question 1

Prodromal phase

Answer 1

Deterioration in their level of functioning without being psychotic. May have negative sx and sleep problems

Question 2

Active phase

Answer 2

Psychotic; disorganized

Question 3

Residual phase

Answer 3

Without severe psychotic sx

Question 4

Types of schizophrenia

Answer 4

Catatonic : movement disorder
Disorganized : thought disorder
Paranoid : paranoid delusions

Question 5

Mesolimbic pathway

Answer 5

Deals with positive sx

Question 6

Mesocortical pathway

Answer 6

Deals with negative sx

Question 7

Nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 7

Extrapyramidal effects

Question 8

Neurochemistry of Schizophrenia

Answer 8

Dysregulation-hyperactivation of dopamine. Increased density of dopamine receptors in the caudate and putamen

Dysregulation low levels of glutamate receptors

Question 9

Dopamine model

Answer 9

Over activation of D2 receptors of mesolimbic pathway: VTA to NA

Antipsychotic drugs block the postaynaptic D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway

Drugs that increase dopamine activity (amphetamines) produce similar/positive sx

Question 10

Glutamate model

Answer 10

NMDA blockers induces negativism and apathy in addition to disorganized thinking

Glutamate neurons interconnect the four main areas abnormal in schizophrenia (prefrontal, mesolimbic, striatum/NA, medial temporal lobe)

Low levels of glutamate correlate with overactive dopamine

Dopamine hyperactivity May be a secondary phenomenon

Question 11

Dis connectivity hypothesis

Answer 11

Role of PRefrontal lobe in negative sx and control and inhibition of other areas of the brain

Disrupted anatomical connections in the frontolimbic circuitry even at the early stages

Synaptic pruning