Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 Cardiovascular System > Blood constituents > Flashcards

Blood constituents Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the blood is made up of cellular components?

A

45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of the blood is made up of fluid component

A

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long (average) do red blood cells live?

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long (average) do white blood cells live?

A

Varies by type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long (average) do platelets live?

A

7 to 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are red blood cells made in adults? (and where do they go)

A

In the bone marrow (once mature they enter the blood stream)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the original pluripotent stem cell responsible for the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets?

A

Haemopoietic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the formation of red blood cells called?

A

Erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the formation of white blood cells called?

A

Myelopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the formation of platelets called?

A

Thrombopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 Key features of red blood cells

A 
No nucleus
No mitochondria
Biconcave shape
Contains haemoglobin
7.5 micrometres in diameter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is normal adult haemoglobin comprised of (chains)?

A

2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is foetal haemoglobin comprised of (chains)?

A

2 alpha chains and 2 gamma chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is haemoglobin A2 comprised of (chains)?

A

2 alpha and 2 delta chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 common methods of studying haemoglobin:

A

High performance liquid chromatography
or
Haemoglobin electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the term hypoplastic mean?

A

There are not enough red blood cells (/haemoglobin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the term dyshaemopoietic mean?

A

There is ineffective production of red blood cells (/haemoglobin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the term haemolytic mean?

A

It means the break down of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the term intrinsic mean?

A

It means factors within the cell (e.g. red blood cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the term extrinsic mean?

A

It means factors outside the cell (e.g. red blood cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 5 main types of white blood cell?

A 
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long do neutrophils live for?

A

6 to 10 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long do monocytes live for?

A

20 to 40 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long do lymphocytes live for?

A

weeks to years - most live a few months but some can live much longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How long to basophils live for?

A

days (less than 7) - typically 3 or 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How long do eosinophils live for?

A

day (less than 7) - can be around 1 or 2 weeks

27
Q

3 key features of neutrophils

A

Most numerous type of white blood cell
Trigger the inflammatory response
Able to phagocytose
increase in number if there is a bacterial infection

28
Q

What are the 2 main cell types that monocytes differentiate into?

A

Macrophages and dentritic cells.

29
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

To phagocytose bacteria (+foreign material)

30
Q

What is the function of dentritic cells?

A

To present antigens to the immune system.

31
Q

What are the 2 main cell types that lymphocytes differentiate into?

A

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

32
Q

What percentage of lymphocytes are comprised of B lymphocytes?

A

about 20%

33
Q

What percentage of lymphocytes are comprised of T lymphocytes

A

about 80%

34
Q

What is the function of B lymphocytes?

A

Stimulate antibody production when stimulated by foreign antibodies

35
Q

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

A

In the bone marrow

36
Q

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

A

In the thymus

37
Q

What is the function of T lymphocytes?

A

To aid B cells and to reform the cell mediated response.

38
Q

Where are basophils located?

A

Mainly in the connective tissue - relatively rare in the peripheral blood

39
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Form part of the allergic response - they contain histamine containing granules.
Provide protection against viral infections

40
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Form part of the allergic response - provide protection against parasites
They can counter the effects of histamine

41
Q

What are the 5 cell types that monocytes differentiate into (and where are these most commonly located in the body)?

A 
Tissue macrophages - everywhere
Dentritic cells - everywhere
Kupffer cells - liver
Osteoclasts - bone
Alveolar macrophages - lungs
42
Q

What is the name of the cell from which platelets are formed (more immediately)

A

Megakaryocytes

43
Q

What key “thing” do eosinophils contain?

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals

44
Q

Which types of white blood cells contain IgE receptors?

A

Basophils and Eosinophils

45
Q

What occurs if there is not enough platelets outside the blood

A

Bleeding

46
Q

What occurs if there is too many platelets inside the blood

A

Thrombosis

47
Q

Where are platelets produced?

A

In the bone marrow (once mature they are released into the blood)

48
Q

What are 3 key features of platelets?

A

Anucleate
Responsible for primary homeostasis
Circulate in an inactive state

49
Q

What causes platelets to activate? (simplistic)

A

Damage occurs –> platelet bind/adheres –> platelet changes shape = is activated

50
Q

What percentage of plasma is water and what percentage is made up of things like salts, glucose and proteins?

A

Water = ~90%

Salts/glucose/protein (etc) = ~10%

51
Q

What is the appearance of plasma?

A

It is a clear, straw coloured liquid

52
Q

What is the importance of albumin in plasma?

A

Determines the oncotic pressure of the blood.

53
Q

Where is albumin produced?

A

In the liver

54
Q

What does a deficiency in factor VIII result in?

A

Haemophilia A

55
Q

What does a deficiency in factor IX result in?

A

Haemophilia B

56
Q

What is the rarest form of leukocyte?

A

Basophil

57
Q

Can histology differentiate between different types of lymphocyte? - if so how

A

Can identify plasma cells but cannot differentiate the rest.

Plasma cells have a predominant Golgi body and stain with pinkish purple cytoplasm (due to high levels of RNA).

58
Q

I have a nucleus and am multi-lobular, what am I?

A

A neutrophil

59
Q

I have a nucleus and prominent dark blue granules, what am I?

A

A basophil

60
Q

I have a nucleus and bright prink granules, what am I?

A

An eosinophil

61
Q

I have a nucleus which is kidney shaped, what am I?

A

A monocyte

62
Q

I have a darkly stained nucleus and little cytoplasm, what am I?

A

A lymphocyte

63
Q

I have a nucleus and a prominent Golgi body, what am I?

A

Plasma cell

1 Cardiovascular System (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions