Glossary

Question 1

Stream

Answer 1

Current

Question 2

Buffer

Answer 2

File loaded into memory

Question 3

Sockets

Answer 3

A combination of network address and a port number

Question 4

Line

Answer 4

A line of text marked by opening LF (line Feed) and closing CR (Carriage Return)

The one line that’s an exception is the opening line.

So a line can be composed of multiple sentences, a sentence does note necessarily mean a line

If a line doesn’t have both a line feed and carraige return, it’s considered orphaned.

Question 5

Standard Input

Answer 5

Commands to execute

Question 6

Standard Output

Answer 6

Result of commands

Question 7

Window

Answer 7

Portion of the buffer currently displayed in the Window

Question 8

Kernel

Answer 8

Core operating system. Used to be monolithic, now moduler

Question 9

Shell

Answer 9

Interface bettween user and os (take our commands and turn them into system calls)

Question 10

Filesystem

Answer 10

Logical, herirachal representation of data on a disk partition

Question 11

File

Answer 11

A file is one complete, named unit of digital information, that may be physically contiguous in its storage or spread across a chain of fragments. By complete, what is meant is that you cannot tell the system to delete half of a file.

Question 12

Directories

Answer 12

Directories, on the other hand, are special files that do not contain any data themselves—they are just containers that list names of contained (“immediate child”) files and subdirectories. If you want to explore what lies in the directory file, you can open a directory in a text editor (!), just to be sure that it indeed is this way.

Question 13

Symbolic Link

Answer 13

Link to a directory

Question 14

Pipe

Answer 14

Allows commands to be used as input for other operations

Question 15

Character class

Answer 15

Used with regular expressions, to define a set of characters to match on

Question 16

Registers

Answer 16

Space you can copy information to

Question 17

null device

Answer 17

A special file that information can be pumped into. Evrrything goes in and never comes out.

Question 18

standard input

Answer 18

It;s a device node. Where input goes. A nameless file the shell identfies with the name, 0

Question 19

standard output

Answer 19

It’s a device node. Where out put goes. A namesless file the shell identifies with the name, 1

Question 20

Standard error

Answer 20

A device name where error messages go. A nameless file identified with the name, 2

Question 21

Redirection

Answer 21

Allows output to be sent to other files. You can redirect (> which uses the output to populate file) or append (» this will append the content if there is already existing content)

Question 22

Console

Answer 22

1) Standard Input / Standard Output (keyboard and Monitor)

2) Console Mode (System running in plain text mode)

Question 23

Hard Link

Answer 23

A link to the original with a different name

Question 24

Symbolic Link

Answer 24

The link points to original entity

Question 25

Linking data

Answer 25

Data show up exactly once in the filesystem

Question 26

What’s the difference between a monotlithic vs modular operating system?

Answer 26

Monolithic means all functionality is built into one file.

Modular means that functionality is split up across multiple files where each group of files provides a certain functionality.

Question 27

Switch

Answer 27

An option that modifies the behaviour of a command

Question 28

Partition

Answer 28

Essentially, a partition is a contiguous portion of a hard disk, the start and end of which are recorded in the first sector of the disk (which hosts a partition table). Every disk can be broken into chunks, each of which can be presented to the operating system as a single storage source (filesystem).

Question 29

What types of partitions are there

Answer 29

MBR (Master Boot Record) and GPT (GUID Partition Table).

GUID in turn stand sfor Globally Unique Identifier.